First public contribution.
1 /* inflate.c -- Not copyrighted 1992 by Mark Adler
2 version c10p1, 10 January 1993 */
4 /* You can do whatever you like with this source file, though I would
5 prefer that if you modify it and redistribute it that you include
6 comments to that effect with your name and the date. Thank you.
7 [The history has been moved to the file ChangeLog.]
11 Inflate deflated (PKZIP's method 8 compressed) data. The compression
12 method searches for as much of the current string of bytes (up to a
13 length of 258) in the previous 32K bytes. If it doesn't find any
14 matches (of at least length 3), it codes the next byte. Otherwise, it
15 codes the length of the matched string and its distance backwards from
16 the current position. There is a single Huffman code that codes both
17 single bytes (called "literals") and match lengths. A second Huffman
18 code codes the distance information, which follows a length code. Each
19 length or distance code actually represents a base value and a number
20 of "extra" (sometimes zero) bits to get to add to the base value. At
21 the end of each deflated block is a special end-of-block (EOB) literal/
22 length code. The decoding process is basically: get a literal/length
23 code; if EOB then done; if a literal, emit the decoded byte; if a
24 length then get the distance and emit the referred-to bytes from the
25 sliding window of previously emitted data.
27 There are (currently) three kinds of inflate blocks: stored, fixed, and
28 dynamic. The compressor deals with some chunk of data at a time, and
29 decides which method to use on a chunk-by-chunk basis. A chunk might
30 typically be 32K or 64K. If the chunk is uncompressible, then the
31 "stored" method is used. In this case, the bytes are simply stored as
32 is, eight bits per byte, with none of the above coding. The bytes are
33 preceded by a count, since there is no longer an EOB code.
35 If the data is compressible, then either the fixed or dynamic methods
36 are used. In the dynamic method, the compressed data is preceded by
37 an encoding of the literal/length and distance Huffman codes that are
38 to be used to decode this block. The representation is itself Huffman
39 coded, and so is preceded by a description of that code. These code
40 descriptions take up a little space, and so for small blocks, there is
41 a predefined set of codes, called the fixed codes. The fixed method is
42 used if the block codes up smaller that way (usually for quite small
43 chunks), otherwise the dynamic method is used. In the latter case, the
44 codes are customized to the probabilities in the current block, and so
45 can code it much better than the pre-determined fixed codes.
47 The Huffman codes themselves are decoded using a mutli-level table
48 lookup, in order to maximize the speed of decoding plus the speed of
49 building the decoding tables. See the comments below that precede the
50 lbits and dbits tuning parameters.
55 Notes beyond the 1.93a appnote.txt:
57 1. Distance pointers never point before the beginning of the output
59 2. Distance pointers can point back across blocks, up to 32k away.
60 3. There is an implied maximum of 7 bits for the bit length table and
61 15 bits for the actual data.
62 4. If only one code exists, then it is encoded using one bit. (Zero
63 would be more efficient, but perhaps a little confusing.) If two
64 codes exist, they are coded using one bit each (0 and 1).
65 5. There is no way of sending zero distance codes--a dummy must be
66 sent if there are none. (History: a pre 2.0 version of PKZIP would
67 store blocks with no distance codes, but this was discovered to be
68 too harsh a criterion.) Valid only for 1.93a. 2.04c does allow
69 zero distance codes, which is sent as one code of zero bits in
71 6. There are up to 286 literal/length codes. Code 256 represents the
72 end-of-block. Note however that the static length tree defines
73 288 codes just to fill out the Huffman codes. Codes 286 and 287
74 cannot be used though, since there is no length base or extra bits
75 defined for them. Similarly, there are up to 30 distance codes.
76 However, static trees define 32 codes (all 5 bits) to fill out the
77 Huffman codes, but the last two had better not show up in the data.
78 7. Unzip can check dynamic Huffman blocks for complete code sets.
79 The exception is that a single code would not be complete (see #4).
80 8. The five bits following the block type is really the number of
81 literal codes sent minus 257.
82 9. Length codes 8,16,16 are interpreted as 13 length codes of 8 bits
83 (1+6+6). Therefore, to output three times the length, you output
84 three codes (1+1+1), whereas to output four times the same length,
85 you only need two codes (1+3). Hmm.
86 10. In the tree reconstruction algorithm, Code = Code + Increment
87 only if BitLength(i) is not zero. (Pretty obvious.)
88 11. Correction: 4 Bits: # of Bit Length codes - 4 (4 - 19)
89 12. Note: length code 284 can represent 227-258, but length code 285
90 really is 258. The last length deserves its own, short code
91 since it gets used a lot in very redundant files. The length
92 258 is special since 258 - 3 (the min match length) is 255.
93 13. The literal/length and distance code bit lengths are read as a
94 single stream of lengths. It is possible (and advantageous) for
95 a repeat code (16, 17, or 18) to go across the boundary between
96 the two sets of lengths.
101 extern void* memcpy(void*, const void*, unsigned);
102 extern void* memset(void*, int, unsigned);
104 /* Huffman code lookup table entry--this entry is four bytes for machines
105 that have 16-bit pointers (e.g. PC's in the small or medium model).
106 Valid extra bits are 0..13. e == 15 is EOB (end of block), e == 16
107 means that v is a literal, 16 < e < 32 means that v is a pointer to
108 the next table, which codes e - 16 bits, and lastly e == 99 indicates
109 an unused code. If a code with e == 99 is looked up, this implies an
110 error in the data. */
112 uch e; /* number of extra bits or operation */
113 uch b; /* number of bits in this code or subcode */
115 ush n; /* literal, length base, or distance base */
116 struct huft *t; /* pointer to next level of table */
121 /* Function prototypes */
122 int huft_build(unsigned *, unsigned, unsigned, const ush *, const ush *,
123 struct huft **, int *);
124 int huft_free(struct huft *);
125 int inflate_codes(struct huft *, struct huft *, int, int);
126 int inflate_stored(void);
127 int inflate_fixed(void);
128 int inflate_dynamic(void);
129 int inflate_block(int *);
133 /* The inflate algorithm uses a sliding 32K byte window on the uncompressed
134 stream to find repeated byte strings. This is implemented here as a
135 circular buffer. The index is updated simply by incrementing and then
136 and'ing with 0x7fff (32K-1). */
137 /* It is left to other modules to supply the 32K area. It is assumed
138 to be usable as if it were declared "uch slide[32768];" or as just
139 "uch *slide;" and then malloc'ed in the latter case. The definition
140 must be in unzip.h, included above. */
141 /* unsigned wp; current position in slide */
142 /*#define wp outcnt*/
143 /*#define flush_output(w) (wp=(w),flush_window())*/
145 /* Tables for deflate from PKZIP's appnote.txt. */
146 static const unsigned border[] = { /* Order of the bit length code lengths */
147 16, 17, 18, 0, 8, 7, 9, 6, 10, 5, 11, 4, 12, 3, 13, 2, 14, 1, 15};
148 static const ush cplens[] = { /* Copy lengths for literal codes 257..285 */
149 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 23, 27, 31,
150 35, 43, 51, 59, 67, 83, 99, 115, 131, 163, 195, 227, 258, 0, 0};
151 /* note: see note #13 above about the 258 in this list. */
152 static const ush cplext[] = { /* Extra bits for literal codes 257..285 */
153 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2,
154 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5, 0, 99, 99}; /* 99==invalid */
155 static const ush cpdist[] = { /* Copy offsets for distance codes 0..29 */
156 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 13, 17, 25, 33, 49, 65, 97, 129, 193,
157 257, 385, 513, 769, 1025, 1537, 2049, 3073, 4097, 6145,
158 8193, 12289, 16385, 24577};
159 static const ush cpdext[] = { /* Extra bits for distance codes */
160 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6,
161 7, 7, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11,
166 /* Macros for inflate() bit peeking and grabbing.
170 x = b & mask_bits[j];
173 where NEEDBITS makes sure that b has at least j bits in it, and
174 DUMPBITS removes the bits from b. The macros use the variable k
175 for the number of bits in b. Normally, b and k are register
176 variables for speed, and are initialized at the beginning of a
177 routine that uses these macros from a global bit buffer and count.
179 If we assume that EOB will be the longest code, then we will never
180 ask for bits with NEEDBITS that are beyond the end of the stream.
181 So, NEEDBITS should not read any more bytes than are needed to
182 meet the request. Then no bytes need to be "returned" to the buffer
183 at the end of the last block.
185 However, this assumption is not true for fixed blocks--the EOB code
186 is 7 bits, but the other literal/length codes can be 8 or 9 bits.
187 (The EOB code is shorter than other codes because fixed blocks are
188 generally short. So, while a block always has an EOB, many other
189 literal/length codes have a significantly lower probability of
190 showing up at all.) However, by making the first table have a
191 lookup of seven bits, the EOB code will be found in that first
192 lookup, and so will not require that too many bits be pulled from
196 ulg bb; /* bit buffer */
197 unsigned bk; /* bits in bit buffer */
199 static const ush mask_bits[] = {
201 0x0001, 0x0003, 0x0007, 0x000f, 0x001f, 0x003f, 0x007f, 0x00ff,
202 0x01ff, 0x03ff, 0x07ff, 0x0fff, 0x1fff, 0x3fff, 0x7fff, 0xffff
205 #define get_byte() (inptr < inbuf_end ? *inptr++ : fill_inbuf())
206 #define NEXTBYTE() (uch)get_byte()
207 #define NEEDBITS(n) {while(k<(n)){b|=((ulg)NEXTBYTE())<<k;k+=8;}}
208 #define DUMPBITS(n) {b>>=(n);k-=(n);}
212 Huffman code decoding is performed using a multi-level table lookup.
213 The fastest way to decode is to simply build a lookup table whose
214 size is determined by the longest code. However, the time it takes
215 to build this table can also be a factor if the data being decoded
216 is not very long. The most common codes are necessarily the
217 shortest codes, so those codes dominate the decoding time, and hence
218 the speed. The idea is you can have a shorter table that decodes the
219 shorter, more probable codes, and then point to subsidiary tables for
220 the longer codes. The time it costs to decode the longer codes is
221 then traded against the time it takes to make longer tables.
223 This results of this trade are in the variables lbits and dbits
224 below. lbits is the number of bits the first level table for literal/
225 length codes can decode in one step, and dbits is the same thing for
226 the distance codes. Subsequent tables are also less than or equal to
227 those sizes. These values may be adjusted either when all of the
228 codes are shorter than that, in which case the longest code length in
229 bits is used, or when the shortest code is *longer* than the requested
230 table size, in which case the length of the shortest code in bits is
233 There are two different values for the two tables, since they code a
234 different number of possibilities each. The literal/length table
235 codes 286 possible values, or in a flat code, a little over eight
236 bits. The distance table codes 30 possible values, or a little less
237 than five bits, flat. The optimum values for speed end up being
238 about one bit more than those, so lbits is 8+1 and dbits is 5+1.
239 The optimum values may differ though from machine to machine, and
240 possibly even between compilers. Your mileage may vary.
244 static const int lbits = 9; /* bits in base literal/length lookup table */
245 static const int dbits = 6; /* bits in base distance lookup table */
248 /* If BMAX needs to be larger than 16, then h and x[] should be ulg. */
249 #define BMAX 16 /* maximum bit length of any code (16 for explode) */
250 #define N_MAX 288 /* maximum number of codes in any set */
253 unsigned hufts; /* track memory usage */
257 unsigned *b, /* code lengths in bits (all assumed <= BMAX) */
258 unsigned n, /* number of codes (assumed <= N_MAX) */
259 unsigned s, /* number of simple-valued codes (0..s-1) */
260 const ush *d, /* list of base values for non-simple codes */
261 const ush *e, /* list of extra bits for non-simple codes */
262 struct huft **t, /* result: starting table */
263 int *m /* maximum lookup bits, returns actual */
265 /* Given a list of code lengths and a maximum table size, make a set of
266 tables to decode that set of codes. Return zero on success, one if
267 the given code set is incomplete (the tables are still built in this
268 case), two if the input is invalid (all zero length codes or an
269 oversubscribed set of lengths), and three if not enough memory. */
271 unsigned a; /* counter for codes of length k */
272 unsigned c[BMAX+1]; /* bit length count table */
273 unsigned f; /* i repeats in table every f entries */
274 int g; /* maximum code length */
275 int h; /* table level */
276 register unsigned i; /* counter, current code */
277 register unsigned j; /* counter */
278 register int k; /* number of bits in current code */
279 int l; /* bits per table (returned in m) */
280 register unsigned *p; /* pointer into c[], b[], or v[] */
281 register struct huft *q; /* points to current table */
282 struct huft r; /* table entry for structure assignment */
283 struct huft *u[BMAX]; /* table stack */
284 unsigned v[N_MAX]; /* values in order of bit length */
285 register int w; /* bits before this table == (l * h) */
286 unsigned x[BMAX+1]; /* bit offsets, then code stack */
287 unsigned *xp; /* pointer into x */
288 int y; /* number of dummy codes added */
289 unsigned z; /* number of entries in current table */
292 /* Generate counts for each bit length */
293 memset(c, 0, sizeof(c));
296 /* Tracecv(*p, (stderr, (n-i >= ' ' && n-i <= '~' ? "%c %d\n" : "0x%x %d\n"),
298 c[*p]++; /* assume all entries <= BMAX */
299 p++; /* Can't combine with above line (Solaris bug) */
301 if (c[0] == n) /* null input--all zero length codes */
303 *t = (struct huft *)NULL;
309 /* Find minimum and maximum length, bound *m by those */
311 for (j = 1; j <= BMAX; j++)
314 k = j; /* minimum code length */
317 for (i = BMAX; i; i--)
320 g = i; /* maximum code length */
326 /* Adjust last length count to fill out codes, if needed */
327 for (y = 1 << j; j < i; j++, y <<= 1)
329 return 2; /* bad input: more codes than bits */
335 /* Generate starting offsets into the value table for each length */
337 p = c + 1; xp = x + 2;
338 while (--i) { /* note that i == g from above */
343 /* Make a table of values in order of bit lengths */
351 /* Generate the Huffman codes and for each, make the table entries */
352 x[0] = i = 0; /* first Huffman code is zero */
353 p = v; /* grab values in bit order */
354 h = -1; /* no tables yet--level -1 */
355 w = -l; /* bits decoded == (l * h) */
356 u[0] = (struct huft *)NULL; /* just to keep compilers happy */
357 q = (struct huft *)NULL; /* ditto */
360 /* go through the bit lengths (k already is bits in shortest code) */
366 /* here i is the Huffman code of length k bits for value *p */
367 /* make tables up to required level */
371 w += l; /* previous table always l bits */
373 /* compute minimum size table less than or equal to l bits */
374 z = (z = g - w) > (unsigned)l ? l : z; /* upper limit on table size */
375 if ((f = 1 << (j = k - w)) > a + 1) /* try a k-w bit table */
376 { /* too few codes for k-w bit table */
377 f -= a + 1; /* deduct codes from patterns left */
379 while (++j < z) /* try smaller tables up to z bits */
381 if ((f <<= 1) <= *++xp)
382 break; /* enough codes to use up j bits */
383 f -= *xp; /* else deduct codes from patterns */
386 z = 1 << j; /* table entries for j-bit table */
388 /* allocate and link in new table */
389 if ((q = (struct huft *)malloc((z + 1)*sizeof(struct huft))) ==
394 return 3; /* not enough memory */
396 hufts += z + 1; /* track memory usage */
397 *t = q + 1; /* link to list for huft_free() */
398 *(t = &(q->v.t)) = (struct huft *)NULL;
399 u[h] = ++q; /* table starts after link */
401 /* connect to last table, if there is one */
404 x[h] = i; /* save pattern for backing up */
405 r.b = (uch)l; /* bits to dump before this table */
406 r.e = (uch)(16 + j); /* bits in this table */
407 r.v.t = q; /* pointer to this table */
408 j = i >> (w - l); /* (get around Turbo C bug) */
409 u[h-1][j] = r; /* connect to last table */
413 /* set up table entry in r */
416 r.e = 99; /* out of values--invalid code */
419 r.e = (uch)(*p < 256 ? 16 : 15); /* 256 is end-of-block code */
420 r.v.n = (ush)(*p); /* simple code is just the value */
421 p++; /* one compiler does not like *p++ */
425 r.e = (uch)e[*p - s]; /* non-simple--look up in lists */
429 /* fill code-like entries with r */
431 for (j = i >> w; j < z; j += f)
434 /* backwards increment the k-bit code i */
435 for (j = 1 << (k - 1); i & j; j >>= 1)
439 /* backup over finished tables */
440 while ((i & ((1 << w) - 1)) != x[h])
442 h--; /* don't need to update q */
449 /* Return true (1) if we were given an incomplete table */
450 return y != 0 && g != 1;
455 int huft_free(struct huft *t)
456 /* Free the malloc'ed tables built by huft_build(), which makes a linked
457 list of the tables it made, with the links in a dummy first entry of
460 register struct huft *p, *q;
463 /* Go through linked list, freeing from the malloced (t[-1]) address. */
465 while (p != (struct huft *)NULL)
477 struct huft *td, /* literal/length and distance decoder tables */
479 int bd /* number of bits decoded by tl[] and td[] */
481 /* inflate (decompress) the codes in a deflated (compressed) block.
482 Return an error code or zero if it all goes ok. */
484 register unsigned e; /* table entry flag/number of extra bits */
485 unsigned n, d; /* length and index for copy */
486 struct huft *t; /* pointer to table entry */
487 unsigned ml, md; /* masks for bl and bd bits */
488 register ulg b=bb; /* bit buffer */
489 register unsigned k=bk; /* number of bits in bit buffer */
490 register uch* p=(uch*)outptr;
492 /* inflate the coded data */
493 ml = mask_bits[bl]; /* precompute masks for speed */
495 for (;;) /* do until end of block */
497 NEEDBITS((unsigned)bl)
498 if ((e = (t = tl + ((unsigned)b & ml))->e) > 16)
505 } while ((e = (t = t->v.t + ((unsigned)b & mask_bits[e]))->e) > 16);
507 if (e == 16) /* then it's a literal */
511 else /* it's an EOB or a length */
513 /* exit if end of block */
517 /* get length of block to copy */
519 n = t->v.n + ((unsigned)b & mask_bits[e]);
522 /* decode distance of block to copy */
523 NEEDBITS((unsigned)bd)
524 if ((e = (t = td + ((unsigned)b & md))->e) > 16)
531 } while ((e = (t = t->v.t + ((unsigned)b & mask_bits[e]))->e) > 16);
534 d = t->v.n + ((unsigned)b & mask_bits[e]);
535 d &= ZIP_WINDOW_SIZE-1;
547 while(n--) *p++=*q++;
553 /* restore the globals from the locals */
555 bb = b; /* restore global bit buffer */
565 /* "decompress" an inflated type 0 (stored) block. */
567 unsigned n; /* number of bytes in block */
568 register ulg b; /* bit buffer */
569 register unsigned k; /* number of bits in bit buffer */
571 register uch* p=(uch*)outptr;
574 /* make local copies of globals */
575 b = bb; /* initialize bit buffer */
579 /* go to byte boundary */
584 /* get the length and its complement */
586 n = ((unsigned)b & 0xffff);
589 if (n != (unsigned)((~b) & 0xffff))
590 return 1; /* error in compressed data */
594 /* read and output the compressed data */
603 /* restore the globals from the locals */
605 bb = b; /* restore global bit buffer */
613 /* decompress an inflated type 1 (fixed Huffman codes) block. We should
614 either replace this with a custom decoder, or at least precompute the
617 int i; /* temporary variable */
618 struct huft *tl; /* literal/length code table */
619 struct huft *td; /* distance code table */
620 int bl; /* lookup bits for tl */
621 int bd; /* lookup bits for td */
622 unsigned l[288]; /* length list for huft_build */
625 /* set up literal table */
626 for (i = 0; i < 144; i++)
632 for (; i < 288; i++) /* make a complete, but wrong code set */
635 if ((i = huft_build(l, 288, 257, cplens, cplext, &tl, &bl)) != 0)
639 /* set up distance table */
640 for (i = 0; i < 30; i++) /* make an incomplete code set */
643 if ((i = huft_build(l, 30, 0, cpdist, cpdext, &td, &bd)) > 1)
650 /* decompress until an end-of-block code */
651 if (inflate_codes(tl, td, bl, bd))
655 /* free the decoding tables, return */
663 int inflate_dynamic()
664 /* decompress an inflated type 2 (dynamic Huffman codes) block. */
666 int i; /* temporary variables */
668 unsigned l; /* last length */
669 unsigned m; /* mask for bit lengths table */
670 unsigned n; /* number of lengths to get */
671 struct huft *tl; /* literal/length code table */
672 struct huft *td; /* distance code table */
673 int bl; /* lookup bits for tl */
674 int bd; /* lookup bits for td */
675 unsigned nb; /* number of bit length codes */
676 unsigned nl; /* number of literal/length codes */
677 unsigned nd; /* number of distance codes */
678 #ifdef PKZIP_BUG_WORKAROUND
679 unsigned ll[288+32]; /* literal/length and distance code lengths */
681 unsigned ll[286+30]; /* literal/length and distance code lengths */
683 register ulg b; /* bit buffer */
684 register unsigned k; /* number of bits in bit buffer */
687 /* make local bit buffer */
692 /* read in table lengths */
694 nl = 257 + ((unsigned)b & 0x1f); /* number of literal/length codes */
697 nd = 1 + ((unsigned)b & 0x1f); /* number of distance codes */
700 nb = 4 + ((unsigned)b & 0xf); /* number of bit length codes */
702 #ifdef PKZIP_BUG_WORKAROUND
703 if (nl > 288 || nd > 32)
705 if (nl > 286 || nd > 30)
707 return 1; /* bad lengths */
710 /* read in bit-length-code lengths */
711 for (j = 0; j < nb; j++)
714 ll[border[j]] = (unsigned)b & 7;
721 /* build decoding table for trees--single level, 7 bit lookup */
723 if ((i = huft_build(ll, 19, 19, (ush*)NULL, (ush*)NULL, &tl, &bl)) != 0)
727 return i; /* incomplete code set */
731 /* read in literal and distance code lengths */
735 while ((unsigned)i < n)
737 NEEDBITS((unsigned)bl)
738 j = (td = tl + ((unsigned)b & m))->b;
741 if (j < 16) /* length of code in bits (0..15) */
742 ll[i++] = l = j; /* save last length in l */
743 else if (j == 16) /* repeat last length 3 to 6 times */
746 j = 3 + ((unsigned)b & 3);
748 if ((unsigned)i + j > n)
753 else if (j == 17) /* 3 to 10 zero length codes */
756 j = 3 + ((unsigned)b & 7);
758 if ((unsigned)i + j > n)
764 else /* j == 18: 11 to 138 zero length codes */
767 j = 11 + ((unsigned)b & 0x7f);
769 if ((unsigned)i + j > n)
778 /* free decoding table for trees */
782 /* restore the global bit buffer */
787 /* build the decoding tables for literal/length and distance codes */
789 if ((i = huft_build(ll, nl, 257, cplens, cplext, &tl, &bl)) != 0)
792 /* fprintf(stderr, " incomplete literal tree\n");*/
795 return i; /* incomplete code set */
798 if ((i = huft_build(ll + nl, nd, 0, cpdist, cpdext, &td, &bd)) != 0)
801 /* fprintf(stderr, " incomplete distance tree\n");*/
802 #ifdef PKZIP_BUG_WORKAROUND
809 return i; /* incomplete code set */
814 /* decompress until an end-of-block code */
815 if (inflate_codes(tl, td, bl, bd))
819 /* free the decoding tables, return */
827 int inflate_block(int* e)
828 /* decompress an inflated block */
830 unsigned t; /* block type */
831 register ulg b; /* bit buffer */
832 register unsigned k; /* number of bits in bit buffer */
835 /* make local bit buffer */
840 /* read in last block bit */
846 /* read in block type */
852 /* restore the global bit buffer */
857 /* inflate that block type */
859 return inflate_dynamic();
861 return inflate_stored();
863 return inflate_fixed();
873 /* decompress an inflated entry */
875 int e; /* last block flag */
876 int r; /* result code */
877 unsigned h; /* maximum struct huft's malloc'ed */
880 /* initialize window, bit buffer */
886 /* decompress until the last block */
898 /* Undo too much lookahead. The next read will be byte aligned so we
899 * can discard unused bits in the last meaningful byte.
906 /* flush out slide */
907 /* flush_output(wp);*/
912 /* fprintf(stderr, "<%u> ", h);*/