using Microsoft.Win32.SafeHandles;

 using System;

 using System.Diagnostics;

 using System.Globalization;

 using System.IO;

 using System.Management;

 using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

 using System.Threading;

 using System.Timers;

 using System.Windows.Forms;

 using System.Collections.Generic;

 using System.Drawing;

 using System.Text.RegularExpressions;

 namespace GenericHid

 {

 	///<summary>

 	/// Project: GenericHid

 	///

 	/// ***********************************************************************

 	/// Software License Agreement

 	///

 	/// Licensor grants any person obtaining a copy of this software ("You")

 	/// a worldwide, royalty-free, non-exclusive license, for the duration of

 	/// the copyright, free of charge, to store and execute the Software in a

 	/// computer system and to incorporate the Software or any portion of it

 	/// in computer programs You write.

 	///

 	/// THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR

 	/// IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,

 	/// FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE

 	/// AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER

 	/// LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,

 	/// OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN

 	/// THE SOFTWARE.

 	/// ***********************************************************************

 	///

 	/// Author

 	/// Jan Axelson

 	///

 	/// This software was written using Visual Studio Express 2012 for Windows

 	/// Desktop building for the .NET Framework v4.5.

 	///

 	/// Purpose:

 	/// Demonstrates USB communications with a generic HID-class device

 	///

 	/// Requirements:

 	/// Windows Vista or later and an attached USB generic Human Interface Device (HID).

 	/// (Does not run on Windows XP or earlier because .NET Framework 4.5 will not install on these OSes.)

 	///

 	/// Description:

 	/// Finds an attached device that matches the vendor and product IDs in the form's

 	/// text boxes.

 	///

 	/// Retrieves the device's capabilities.

 	/// Sends and requests HID reports.

 	///

 	/// Uses the System.Management class and Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to detect

 	/// when a device is attached or removed.

 	///

 	/// A list box displays the data sent and received along with error and status messages.

 	/// You can select data to send and 1-time or periodic transfers.

 	///

 	/// You can change the size of the host's Input report buffer and request to use control

 	/// transfers only to exchange Input and Output reports.

 	///

 	/// To view additional debugging messages, in the Visual Studio development environment,

 	/// from the main menu, select Build > Configuration Manager > Active Solution Configuration

 	/// and select Configuration > Debug and from the main menu, select View > Output.

 	///

 	/// The application uses asynchronous FileStreams to read Input reports and write Output

 	/// reports so the application's main thread doesn't have to wait for the device to retrieve a

 	/// report when the HID driver's buffer is empty or send a report when the device's endpoint is busy.

 	///

 	/// For code that finds a device and opens handles to it, see the FindTheHid routine in frmMain.cs.

 	/// For code that reads from the device, see GetInputReportViaInterruptTransfer,

 	/// GetInputReportViaControlTransfer, and GetFeatureReport in Hid.cs.

 	/// For code that writes to the device, see SendInputReportViaInterruptTransfer,

 	/// SendInputReportViaControlTransfer, and SendFeatureReport in Hid.cs.

 	///

 	/// This project includes the following modules:

 	///

 	/// GenericHid.cs - runs the application.

 	/// FrmMain.cs - routines specific to the form.

 	/// Hid.cs - routines specific to HID communications.

 	/// DeviceManagement.cs - routine for obtaining a handle to a device from its GUID.

 	/// Debugging.cs - contains a routine for displaying API error messages.

 	/// HidDeclarations.cs - Declarations for API functions used by Hid.cs.

 	/// FileIODeclarations.cs - Declarations for file-related API functions.

 	/// DeviceManagementDeclarations.cs - Declarations for API functions used by DeviceManagement.cs.

 	/// DebuggingDeclarations.cs - Declarations for API functions used by Debugging.cs.

 	///

 	/// Companion device firmware for several device CPUs is available from www.Lvr.com/hidpage.htm

 	/// You can use any generic HID (not a system mouse or keyboard) that sends and receives reports.

 	/// This application will not detect or communicate with non-HID-class devices.

 	///

 	/// For more information about HIDs and USB, and additional example device firmware to use

 	/// with this application, visit Lakeview Research at http://Lvr.com

 	/// Send comments, bug reports, etc. to jan@Lvr.com or post on my PORTS forum: http://www.lvr.com/forum

 	///

 	/// V6.2

 	/// 11/12/13

 	/// Disabled form buttons when a transfer is in progress.

 	/// Other minor edits for clarity and readability.

 	/// Will NOT run on Windows XP or earlier, see below.

 	///

 	/// V6.1

 	/// 10/28/13

 	/// Uses the .NET System.Management class to detect device arrival and removal with WMI instead of Win32 RegisterDeviceNotification.

 	/// Other minor edits.

 	/// Will NOT run on Windows XP or earlier, see below.

 	///

 	/// V6.0

 	/// 2/8/13

 	/// This version will NOT run on Windows XP or earlier because the code uses .NET Framework 4.5 to support asynchronous FileStreams.

 	/// The .NET Framework 4.5 redistributable is compatible with Windows 8, Windows 7 SP1, Windows Server 2008 R2 SP1,

 	/// Windows Server 2008 SP2, Windows Vista SP2, and Windows Vista SP3.

 	/// For compatibility, replaced ToInt32 with ToInt64 here:

 	/// IntPtr pDevicePathName = new IntPtr(detailDataBuffer.ToInt64() + 4);

 	/// and here:

 	/// if ((deviceNotificationHandle.ToInt64() == IntPtr.Zero.ToInt64()))

 	/// For compatibility if the charset isn't English, added System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture here:

 	/// if ((String.Compare(DeviceNameString, mydevicePathName, true, System.Globalization.CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) == 0))

 	/// Replaced all Microsoft.VisualBasic namespace code with other .NET equivalents.

 	/// Revised user interface for more flexibility.

 	/// Moved interrupt-transfer and other HID-specific code to Hid.cs.

 	/// Used JetBrains ReSharper to clean up the code: http://www.jetbrains.com/resharper/

 	///

 	/// V5.0

 	/// 3/30/11

 	/// Replaced ReadFile and WriteFile with FileStreams. Thanks to Joe Dunne and John on my Ports forum for tips on this.

 	/// Simplified Hid.cs.

 	/// Replaced the form timer with a system timer.

 	///

 	/// V4.6

 	/// 1/12/10

 	/// Supports Vendor IDs and Product IDs up to FFFFh.

 	///

 	/// V4.52

 	/// 11/10/09

 	/// Changed HIDD_ATTRIBUTES to use UInt16

 	///

 	/// V4.51

 	/// 2/11/09

 	/// Moved Free_ and similar to Finally blocks to ensure they execute.

 	///

 	/// V4.5

 	/// 2/9/09

 	/// Changes to support 64-bit systems, memory management, and other corrections.

 	/// Big thanks to Peter Nielsen.

 	///

 	/// </summary>

 	internal class FrmMain

 		: Form

 	{

 		#region '"Windows Form Designer generated code "'

 		public FrmMain()

 		//: base()

 		{

 			// This call is required by the Windows Form Designer.

 			InitializeComponent();

 		}

 		// Form overrides dispose to clean up the component list.

 		protected override void Dispose(bool Disposing1)

 		{

 			if (Disposing1)

 			{

 				if (components != null)

 				{

 					components.Dispose();

 				}

 			}

 			base.Dispose(Disposing1);

 		}

 		// Required by the Windows Form Designer

 		private System.ComponentModel.IContainer components;

 		public System.Windows.Forms.ToolTip ToolTip1;

 		public System.Windows.Forms.TextBox TxtBytesReceived;

 		public System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox FraBytesReceived;

 		public System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox ChkAutoincrement;

 		public System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox CboByte1;

 		public System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox CboByte0;

 		public System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox FraBytesToSend;

 		public System.Windows.Forms.ListBox LstResults;

 		// NOTE: The following procedure is required by the Windows Form Designer

 		// It can be modified using the Windows Form Designer.

 		// Do not modify it using the code editor.

 		internal System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox fraInputReportBufferSize;

 		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtInputReportBufferSize;

 		internal System.Windows.Forms.Button cmdInputReportBufferSize;

 		internal System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox fraDeviceIdentifiers;

 		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label lblVendorID;

 		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtVendorID;

 		internal System.Windows.Forms.Label lblProductID;

 		internal System.Windows.Forms.TextBox txtProductID;

 		internal System.Windows.Forms.Button cmdFindDevice;

 		private Button cmdGetInputReportInterrupt;

 		public GroupBox fraInterruptTransfers;

 		private Button cmdSendOutputReportControl;

 		private Button cmdGetInputReportControl;

 		public GroupBox fraControlTransfers;

 		private Button cmdGetFeatureReport;

 		private Button cmdSendFeatureReport;

 		private Button cmdPeriodicTransfers;

 		public GroupBox fraSendAndGetContinuous;

 		private RadioButton radFeature;

 		private RadioButton radInputOutputControl;

 		private RadioButton radInputOutputInterrupt;

         private TreeView treeViewDevices;

 		private Button cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt;

 		[System.Diagnostics.DebuggerStepThrough()]

 		private void InitializeComponent()

 		{

             this.components = new System.ComponentModel.Container();

             this.ToolTip1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ToolTip(this.components);

             this.FraBytesReceived = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();

             this.TxtBytesReceived = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();

             this.FraBytesToSend = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();

             this.ChkAutoincrement = new System.Windows.Forms.CheckBox();

             this.CboByte1 = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();

             this.CboByte0 = new System.Windows.Forms.ComboBox();

             this.LstResults = new System.Windows.Forms.ListBox();

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();

             this.cmdInputReportBufferSize = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

             this.txtInputReportBufferSize = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();

             this.txtProductID = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();

             this.lblProductID = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

             this.txtVendorID = new System.Windows.Forms.TextBox();

             this.lblVendorID = new System.Windows.Forms.Label();

             this.cmdFindDevice = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

             this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

             this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

             this.fraInterruptTransfers = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();

             this.cmdPeriodicTransfers = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

             this.cmdSendOutputReportControl = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

             this.cmdGetInputReportControl = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

             this.fraControlTransfers = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();

             this.cmdGetFeatureReport = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

             this.cmdSendFeatureReport = new System.Windows.Forms.Button();

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous = new System.Windows.Forms.GroupBox();

             this.radFeature = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();

             this.radInputOutputControl = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt = new System.Windows.Forms.RadioButton();

             this.treeViewDevices = new System.Windows.Forms.TreeView();

             this.FraBytesReceived.SuspendLayout();

             this.FraBytesToSend.SuspendLayout();

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.SuspendLayout();

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.SuspendLayout();

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.SuspendLayout();

             this.fraControlTransfers.SuspendLayout();

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.SuspendLayout();

             this.SuspendLayout();

             // 

             // FraBytesReceived

             // 

             this.FraBytesReceived.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;

             this.FraBytesReceived.Controls.Add(this.TxtBytesReceived);

             this.FraBytesReceived.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.FraBytesReceived.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText;

             this.FraBytesReceived.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(658, 353);

             this.FraBytesReceived.Name = "FraBytesReceived";

             this.FraBytesReceived.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.FraBytesReceived.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 136);

             this.FraBytesReceived.TabIndex = 4;

             this.FraBytesReceived.TabStop = false;

             this.FraBytesReceived.Text = "Bytes Received";

             // 

             // TxtBytesReceived

             // 

             this.TxtBytesReceived.AcceptsReturn = true;

             this.TxtBytesReceived.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Window;

             this.TxtBytesReceived.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.IBeam;

             this.TxtBytesReceived.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.TxtBytesReceived.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.WindowText;

             this.TxtBytesReceived.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(18, 24);

             this.TxtBytesReceived.MaxLength = 0;

             this.TxtBytesReceived.Multiline = true;

             this.TxtBytesReceived.Name = "TxtBytesReceived";

             this.TxtBytesReceived.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.TxtBytesReceived.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(72, 96);

             this.TxtBytesReceived.TabIndex = 5;

             // 

             // FraBytesToSend

             // 

             this.FraBytesToSend.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;

             this.FraBytesToSend.Controls.Add(this.ChkAutoincrement);

             this.FraBytesToSend.Controls.Add(this.CboByte1);

             this.FraBytesToSend.Controls.Add(this.CboByte0);

             this.FraBytesToSend.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.FraBytesToSend.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText;

             this.FraBytesToSend.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(776, 235);

             this.FraBytesToSend.Name = "FraBytesToSend";

             this.FraBytesToSend.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.FraBytesToSend.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(160, 136);

             this.FraBytesToSend.TabIndex = 1;

             this.FraBytesToSend.TabStop = false;

             this.FraBytesToSend.Text = "Bytes to Send";

             // 

             // ChkAutoincrement

             // 

             this.ChkAutoincrement.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;

             this.ChkAutoincrement.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Default;

             this.ChkAutoincrement.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.ChkAutoincrement.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText;

             this.ChkAutoincrement.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 96);

             this.ChkAutoincrement.Name = "ChkAutoincrement";

             this.ChkAutoincrement.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.ChkAutoincrement.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(201, 35);

             this.ChkAutoincrement.TabIndex = 6;

             this.ChkAutoincrement.Text = "Autoincrement values";

             this.ChkAutoincrement.UseVisualStyleBackColor = false;

             // 

             // CboByte1

             // 

             this.CboByte1.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Window;

             this.CboByte1.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Default;

             this.CboByte1.DropDownStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;

             this.CboByte1.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.CboByte1.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.WindowText;

             this.CboByte1.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 64);

             this.CboByte1.Name = "CboByte1";

             this.CboByte1.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.CboByte1.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(101, 22);

             this.CboByte1.TabIndex = 3;

             // 

             // CboByte0

             // 

             this.CboByte0.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Window;

             this.CboByte0.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Default;

             this.CboByte0.DropDownStyle = System.Windows.Forms.ComboBoxStyle.DropDownList;

             this.CboByte0.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.CboByte0.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.WindowText;

             this.CboByte0.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(8, 24);

             this.CboByte0.Name = "CboByte0";

             this.CboByte0.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.CboByte0.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(101, 22);

             this.CboByte0.TabIndex = 2;

             // 

             // LstResults

             // 

             this.LstResults.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Window;

             this.LstResults.Cursor = System.Windows.Forms.Cursors.Default;

             this.LstResults.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Consolas", 8.25F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.LstResults.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.WindowText;

             this.LstResults.HorizontalScrollbar = true;

             this.LstResults.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 494);

             this.LstResults.Name = "LstResults";

             this.LstResults.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.LstResults.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(916, 251);

             this.LstResults.TabIndex = 0;

             // 

             // fraInputReportBufferSize

             // 

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.Controls.Add(this.cmdInputReportBufferSize);

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.Controls.Add(this.txtInputReportBufferSize);

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(787, 44);

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.Name = "fraInputReportBufferSize";

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(149, 79);

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.TabIndex = 9;

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.TabStop = false;

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.Text = "Input Report Buffer Size";

             // 

             // cmdInputReportBufferSize

             // 

             this.cmdInputReportBufferSize.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 47);

             this.cmdInputReportBufferSize.Name = "cmdInputReportBufferSize";

             this.cmdInputReportBufferSize.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 26);

             this.cmdInputReportBufferSize.TabIndex = 1;

             this.cmdInputReportBufferSize.Text = "Change Buffer Size";

             this.cmdInputReportBufferSize.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cmdInputReportBufferSize_Click);

             // 

             // txtInputReportBufferSize

             // 

             this.txtInputReportBufferSize.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(6, 21);

             this.txtInputReportBufferSize.Name = "txtInputReportBufferSize";

             this.txtInputReportBufferSize.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(56, 20);

             this.txtInputReportBufferSize.TabIndex = 0;

             // 

             // fraDeviceIdentifiers

             // 

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.Controls.Add(this.txtProductID);

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.Controls.Add(this.lblProductID);

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.Controls.Add(this.txtVendorID);

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.Controls.Add(this.lblVendorID);

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(573, 12);

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.Name = "fraDeviceIdentifiers";

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(208, 96);

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.TabIndex = 10;

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.TabStop = false;

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.Text = "Device Identifiers";

             // 

             // txtProductID

             // 

             this.txtProductID.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 56);

             this.txtProductID.Name = "txtProductID";

             this.txtProductID.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(72, 20);

             this.txtProductID.TabIndex = 3;

             this.txtProductID.Text = "1299";

             this.txtProductID.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.txtProductID_TextChanged);

             // 

             // lblProductID

             // 

             this.lblProductID.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 56);

             this.lblProductID.Name = "lblProductID";

             this.lblProductID.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23);

             this.lblProductID.TabIndex = 2;

             this.lblProductID.Text = "Product ID (hex):";

             // 

             // txtVendorID

             // 

             this.txtVendorID.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(120, 24);

             this.txtVendorID.Name = "txtVendorID";

             this.txtVendorID.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(72, 20);

             this.txtVendorID.TabIndex = 1;

             this.txtVendorID.Text = "0925";

             this.txtVendorID.TextChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.txtVendorID_TextChanged);

             // 

             // lblVendorID

             // 

             this.lblVendorID.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(16, 24);

             this.lblVendorID.Name = "lblVendorID";

             this.lblVendorID.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(112, 23);

             this.lblVendorID.TabIndex = 0;

             this.lblVendorID.Text = "Vendor ID (hex):";

             // 

             // cmdFindDevice

             // 

             this.cmdFindDevice.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(800, 12);

             this.cmdFindDevice.Name = "cmdFindDevice";

             this.cmdFindDevice.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(136, 26);

             this.cmdFindDevice.TabIndex = 11;

             this.cmdFindDevice.Text = "Find My Device";

             this.cmdFindDevice.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cmdFindDevice_Click);

             // 

             // cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt

             // 

             this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 27);

             this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.Name = "cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt";

             this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(118, 26);

             this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.TabIndex = 12;

             this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.Text = "Send Output Report";

             this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt_Click);

             // 

             // cmdGetInputReportInterrupt

             // 

             this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 60);

             this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.Name = "cmdGetInputReportInterrupt";

             this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(118, 26);

             this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.TabIndex = 13;

             this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.Text = "Get Input Report";

             this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt_Click);

             // 

             // fraInterruptTransfers

             // 

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.Controls.Add(this.cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt);

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.Controls.Add(this.cmdGetInputReportInterrupt);

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText;

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(502, 129);

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.Name = "fraInterruptTransfers";

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(151, 100);

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.TabIndex = 14;

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.TabStop = false;

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.Text = "Interrupt Transfers";

             // 

             // cmdPeriodicTransfers

             // 

             this.cmdPeriodicTransfers.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(153, 36);

             this.cmdPeriodicTransfers.Name = "cmdPeriodicTransfers";

             this.cmdPeriodicTransfers.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(118, 26);

             this.cmdPeriodicTransfers.TabIndex = 16;

             this.cmdPeriodicTransfers.Text = "Start";

             this.cmdPeriodicTransfers.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.cmdPeriodicTransfers.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cmdPeriodicTransfers_Click);

             // 

             // cmdSendOutputReportControl

             // 

             this.cmdSendOutputReportControl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(10, 27);

             this.cmdSendOutputReportControl.Name = "cmdSendOutputReportControl";

             this.cmdSendOutputReportControl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(118, 26);

             this.cmdSendOutputReportControl.TabIndex = 12;

             this.cmdSendOutputReportControl.Text = "Send Output Report";

             this.cmdSendOutputReportControl.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.cmdSendOutputReportControl.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cmdSendOutputReportControl_Click);

             // 

             // cmdGetInputReportControl

             // 

             this.cmdGetInputReportControl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(10, 60);

             this.cmdGetInputReportControl.Name = "cmdGetInputReportControl";

             this.cmdGetInputReportControl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(118, 26);

             this.cmdGetInputReportControl.TabIndex = 13;

             this.cmdGetInputReportControl.Text = "Get Input Report";

             this.cmdGetInputReportControl.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.cmdGetInputReportControl.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cmdGetInputReportControl_Click);

             // 

             // fraControlTransfers

             // 

             this.fraControlTransfers.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;

             this.fraControlTransfers.Controls.Add(this.cmdGetFeatureReport);

             this.fraControlTransfers.Controls.Add(this.cmdSendFeatureReport);

             this.fraControlTransfers.Controls.Add(this.cmdSendOutputReportControl);

             this.fraControlTransfers.Controls.Add(this.cmdGetInputReportControl);

             this.fraControlTransfers.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.fraControlTransfers.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText;

             this.fraControlTransfers.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(659, 129);

             this.fraControlTransfers.Name = "fraControlTransfers";

             this.fraControlTransfers.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.fraControlTransfers.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(277, 100);

             this.fraControlTransfers.TabIndex = 15;

             this.fraControlTransfers.TabStop = false;

             this.fraControlTransfers.Text = "Control Transfers";

             // 

             // cmdGetFeatureReport

             // 

             this.cmdGetFeatureReport.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(141, 60);

             this.cmdGetFeatureReport.Name = "cmdGetFeatureReport";

             this.cmdGetFeatureReport.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(118, 26);

             this.cmdGetFeatureReport.TabIndex = 15;

             this.cmdGetFeatureReport.Text = "Get Feature Report";

             this.cmdGetFeatureReport.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.cmdGetFeatureReport.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cmdGetFeatureReport_Click);

             // 

             // cmdSendFeatureReport

             // 

             this.cmdSendFeatureReport.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(141, 27);

             this.cmdSendFeatureReport.Name = "cmdSendFeatureReport";

             this.cmdSendFeatureReport.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(118, 26);

             this.cmdSendFeatureReport.TabIndex = 14;

             this.cmdSendFeatureReport.Text = "Send Feature Report";

             this.cmdSendFeatureReport.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.cmdSendFeatureReport.Click += new System.EventHandler(this.cmdSendFeatureReport_Click);

             // 

             // fraSendAndGetContinuous

             // 

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.BackColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.Control;

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.Controls.Add(this.radFeature);

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.Controls.Add(this.radInputOutputControl);

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.Controls.Add(this.radInputOutputInterrupt);

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.Controls.Add(this.cmdPeriodicTransfers);

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.ForeColor = System.Drawing.SystemColors.ControlText;

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(475, 235);

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.Name = "fraSendAndGetContinuous";

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.RightToLeft = System.Windows.Forms.RightToLeft.No;

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(295, 112);

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.TabIndex = 17;

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.TabStop = false;

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.Text = "Send and Get Continuous";

             // 

             // radFeature

             // 

             this.radFeature.AutoSize = true;

             this.radFeature.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(17, 76);

             this.radFeature.Name = "radFeature";

             this.radFeature.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(62, 18);

             this.radFeature.TabIndex = 19;

             this.radFeature.TabStop = true;

             this.radFeature.Text = "Feature";

             this.radFeature.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.radFeature.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radFeature_CheckedChanged);

             // 

             // radInputOutputControl

             // 

             this.radInputOutputControl.AutoSize = true;

             this.radInputOutputControl.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(17, 52);

             this.radInputOutputControl.Name = "radInputOutputControl";

             this.radInputOutputControl.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(120, 18);

             this.radInputOutputControl.TabIndex = 18;

             this.radInputOutputControl.TabStop = true;

             this.radInputOutputControl.Text = "Input Output Control";

             this.radInputOutputControl.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.radInputOutputControl.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radInputOutputControl_CheckedChanged);

             // 

             // radInputOutputInterrupt

             // 

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt.AutoSize = true;

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(17, 28);

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt.Name = "radInputOutputInterrupt";

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(126, 18);

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt.TabIndex = 17;

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt.TabStop = true;

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt.Text = "Input Output Interrupt";

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt.UseVisualStyleBackColor = true;

             this.radInputOutputInterrupt.CheckedChanged += new System.EventHandler(this.radInputOutputInterrupt_CheckedChanged);

             // 

             // treeViewDevices

             // 

             this.treeViewDevices.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(12, 12);

             this.treeViewDevices.Name = "treeViewDevices";

             this.treeViewDevices.Size = new System.Drawing.Size(457, 461);

             this.treeViewDevices.TabIndex = 18;

             this.treeViewDevices.AfterSelect += new System.Windows.Forms.TreeViewEventHandler(this.treeViewDevices_AfterSelect);

             // 

             // FrmMain

             // 

             this.ClientSize = new System.Drawing.Size(940, 756);

             this.Controls.Add(this.treeViewDevices);

             this.Controls.Add(this.fraSendAndGetContinuous);

             this.Controls.Add(this.fraControlTransfers);

             this.Controls.Add(this.fraInterruptTransfers);

             this.Controls.Add(this.cmdFindDevice);

             this.Controls.Add(this.fraDeviceIdentifiers);

             this.Controls.Add(this.fraInputReportBufferSize);

             this.Controls.Add(this.FraBytesReceived);

             this.Controls.Add(this.FraBytesToSend);

             this.Controls.Add(this.LstResults);

             this.Font = new System.Drawing.Font("Arial", 8F, System.Drawing.FontStyle.Regular, System.Drawing.GraphicsUnit.Point, ((byte)(0)));

             this.Location = new System.Drawing.Point(21, 28);

             this.Name = "FrmMain";

             this.StartPosition = System.Windows.Forms.FormStartPosition.Manual;

             this.Text = "Generic HID Tester";

             this.Closed += new System.EventHandler(this.frmMain_Closed);

             this.Load += new System.EventHandler(this.frmMain_Load);

             this.FraBytesReceived.ResumeLayout(false);

             this.FraBytesReceived.PerformLayout();

             this.FraBytesToSend.ResumeLayout(false);

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.ResumeLayout(false);

             this.fraInputReportBufferSize.PerformLayout();

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.ResumeLayout(false);

             this.fraDeviceIdentifiers.PerformLayout();

             this.fraInterruptTransfers.ResumeLayout(false);

             this.fraControlTransfers.ResumeLayout(false);

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.ResumeLayout(false);

             this.fraSendAndGetContinuous.PerformLayout();

             this.ResumeLayout(false);

 		}

 		#endregion '"Windows Form Designer generated code "'

 		private Boolean _deviceDetected;

 		private IntPtr _deviceNotificationHandle;

 		private FileStream _deviceData;

 		private FormActions _formActions;

 		private SafeFileHandle _hidHandle;

 		private String _hidUsage;

 		private ManagementEventWatcher _deviceArrivedWatcher;

 		private Boolean _deviceHandleObtained;

 		private ManagementEventWatcher _deviceRemovedWatcher;

 		private Int32 _myProductId;

 		private Int32 _myVendorId;

 		private Boolean _periodicTransfersRequested;

 		private ReportReadOrWritten _readOrWritten;

 		private ReportTypes _reportType;

 		private SendOrGet _sendOrGet;

 		private Boolean _transferInProgress;

 		private TransferTypes _transferType;

 		private static System.Timers.Timer _periodicTransfers;

 		private readonly Debugging _myDebugging = new Debugging(); //  For viewing results of API calls via Debug.Write.

 		private readonly DeviceManagement _myDeviceManagement = new DeviceManagement();

 		private Hid _myHid = new Hid();

 		private enum FormActions

 		{

 			AddItemToListBox,

 			DisableInputReportBufferSize,

 			EnableGetInputReportInterruptTransfer,

 			EnableInputReportBufferSize,

 			EnableSendOutputReportInterrupt,

 			ScrollToBottomOfListBox,

 			SetInputReportBufferSize,

             AddDeviceToTreeView,

             ResetDeviceTreeView,

             SelectDeviceInTreeView,

             CompleteDeviceTreeView

 		}

 		private enum ReportReadOrWritten

 		{

 			Read,

 			Written

 		}

 		private enum ReportTypes

 		{

 			Input,

 			Output,

 			Feature

 		}

 		private enum SendOrGet

 		{

 			Send,

 			Get

 		}

 		private enum TransferTypes

 		{

 			Control,

 			Interrupt

 		}

 		private enum WmiDeviceProperties

 		{

 			Name,

 			Caption,

 			Description,

 			Manufacturer,

 			PNPDeviceID,

 			DeviceID,

 			ClassGUID

 		}

 		internal FrmMain FrmMy;

 		//  This delegate has the same parameters as AccessForm.

 		//  Used in accessing the application's form from a different thread.

         private delegate void MarshalDataToForm(FormActions action, params string[] strings);

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Performs various application-specific functions that

 		///  involve accessing the application's form.

 		///  </summary>

 		///

 		///  <param name="action"> a FormActions member that names the action to perform on the form</param>

 		///  <param name="formText"> text that the form displays or the code uses for

 		///  another purpose. Actions that don't use text ignore this parameter. </param>

 		private void AccessForm(FormActions action, params string[] strings)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				//  Select an action to perform on the form:

 				switch (action)

 				{

 					case FormActions.AddItemToListBox:

                         LstResults.Items.Add(strings[0]);

 						break;

 					case FormActions.DisableInputReportBufferSize:

 						cmdInputReportBufferSize.Enabled = false;

 						break;

 					case FormActions.EnableGetInputReportInterruptTransfer:

 						cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.Enabled = true;

 						break;

 					case FormActions.EnableInputReportBufferSize:

 						cmdInputReportBufferSize.Enabled = true;

 						break;

 					case FormActions.EnableSendOutputReportInterrupt:

 						cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.Enabled = true;

 						break;

 					case FormActions.ScrollToBottomOfListBox:

 						LstResults.SelectedIndex = LstResults.Items.Count - 1;

 						break;

 					case FormActions.SetInputReportBufferSize:

                         txtInputReportBufferSize.Text = strings[0];

 						break;

                     case FormActions.AddDeviceToTreeView:

                         {

                             //Try and see if our device is already present

                             TreeNode[] res = treeViewDevices.Nodes.Find(strings[0], false);

                             foreach (TreeNode device in res)

                             {

                                 if (device.ForeColor == Color.Red)

                                 {

                                     //Device was removed and has now been added back

                                     device.ForeColor = Color.Green;

                                 }

                                 else

                                 {

                                     //Device was already there set back our device color to black

                                     device.ForeColor = Color.Black;

                                 }

                             }

                             if (res.Length > 0)

                             {

                                 //Our device is already there

                                 break;

                             }

                             //Build our node from our string array

                             TreeNode newNode = new TreeNode(strings[0]);

                             for (int i = 1; i < strings.Length; i++)

                             {

                                 newNode.Nodes.Add(strings[i]);

                                 if (strings[i].StartsWith("Name: "))

                                 {

                                     //Found our name property, update our node text

                                     newNode.Text = strings[i].Substring(6, strings[i].Length - 6);

                                 }

                             }

                             //New device color is green

                             newNode.ForeColor = Color.Green;

                             newNode.Name = strings[0]; //Set ID as name to make sure we can find it

                             treeViewDevices.Nodes.Add(newNode);

                         }

                         break;

                     case FormActions.ResetDeviceTreeView:

                         {

                             //Mark all non removed/red device as purple/unknown

                             foreach (TreeNode device in treeViewDevices.Nodes)

                             {

                                 if (device.ForeColor != Color.Red)

                                 {

                                     device.ForeColor = Color.Purple;

                                 }

                             }

                             //treeViewDevices.Nodes.Clear();

                         }

                         break;

                     case FormActions.CompleteDeviceTreeView:

                         {

                             //Our device list is now complete

                             foreach (TreeNode device in treeViewDevices.Nodes)

                             {

                                 //Purple devices need to be marked as red for removed

                                 if (device.ForeColor == Color.Purple)

                                 {

                                     device.ForeColor = Color.Red;

                                 }

                             }

                         }

                         break;

                     case FormActions.SelectDeviceInTreeView:

                         {

                             //treeViewDevices.SelectedNode = null;

                             TreeNode[] res = treeViewDevices.Nodes.Find(strings[0], false);

                             foreach (TreeNode device in res)

                             {

                                 device.ForeColor = Color.Blue;

                                 //treeViewDevices.SelectedNode = res[0];

                                 //treeViewDevices.SelectedNode.ForeColor = Color.Blue;

                             }

                         }

                         break;

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Add a handler to detect arrival of devices using WMI.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void AddDeviceArrivedHandler()

 		{

 			const Int32 pollingIntervalSeconds = 3;

 			var scope = new ManagementScope("root\\CIMV2");

 			scope.Options.EnablePrivileges = true;

 			try

 			{

 				var q = new WqlEventQuery();

 				q.EventClassName = "__InstanceCreationEvent";

 				q.WithinInterval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, pollingIntervalSeconds);

 				q.Condition = @"TargetInstance ISA 'Win32_USBControllerdevice'";

 				_deviceArrivedWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(scope, q);

 				_deviceArrivedWatcher.EventArrived += DeviceAdded;

 				_deviceArrivedWatcher.Start();

 			}

 			catch (Exception e)

 			{

 				Debug.WriteLine(e.Message);

 				if (_deviceArrivedWatcher != null)

 					_deviceArrivedWatcher.Stop();

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Add a handler to detect removal of devices using WMI.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void AddDeviceRemovedHandler()

 		{

 			const Int32 pollingIntervalSeconds = 3;

 			var scope = new ManagementScope("root\\CIMV2");

 			scope.Options.EnablePrivileges = true;

 			try

 			{

 				var q = new WqlEventQuery();

 				q.EventClassName = "__InstanceDeletionEvent";

 				q.WithinInterval = new TimeSpan(0, 0, pollingIntervalSeconds);

 				q.Condition = @"TargetInstance ISA 'Win32_USBControllerdevice'";

 				_deviceRemovedWatcher = new ManagementEventWatcher(scope, q);

 				_deviceRemovedWatcher.EventArrived += DeviceRemoved;

 				_deviceRemovedWatcher.Start();

 			}

 			catch (Exception e)

 			{

 				Debug.WriteLine(e.Message);

 				if (_deviceRemovedWatcher != null)

 					_deviceRemovedWatcher.Stop();

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Close the handle and FileStreams for a device.

 		/// </summary>

 		///

 		private void CloseCommunications()

 		{

 			if (_deviceData != null)

 			{

 				_deviceData.Close();

 			}

 			if ((_hidHandle != null) && (!(_hidHandle.IsInvalid)))

 			{

 				_hidHandle.Close();

 			}

 			// The next attempt to communicate will get a new handle and FileStreams.

 			_deviceHandleObtained = false;

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Search for a specific device.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void cmdFindDevice_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					_deviceDetected = FindDeviceUsingWmi();

 					if (_deviceDetected)

 					{

 						FindTheHid();

 					}

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Request to get a Feature report from the device.

 		/// </summary>

 		/// <param name="sender"></param>

 		/// <param name="e"></param>

 		private void cmdGetFeatureReport_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					//  Don't allow another transfer request until this one completes.

 					//  Move the focus away from the button to prevent the focus from

 					//  switching to the next control in the tab order on disabling the button.

 					fraControlTransfers.Focus();

 					cmdGetFeatureReport.Enabled = false;

 					_transferType = TransferTypes.Control;

 					RequestToGetFeatureReport();

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Request to get an Input report from the device using a control transfer.

 		/// </summary>

 		/// <param name="sender"></param>

 		/// <param name="e"></param>

 		private void cmdGetInputReportControl_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				//  Don't allow another transfer request until this one completes.

 				//  Move the focus away from the button to prevent the focus from

 				//  switching to the next control in the tab order on disabling the button.

 				if (_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					fraControlTransfers.Focus();

 					cmdGetInputReportControl.Enabled = false;

 					_transferType = TransferTypes.Control;

 					RequestToGetInputReport();

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Request to get an Input report retrieved using interrupt transfers.

 		/// </summary>

 		/// <param name="sender"></param>

 		/// <param name="e"></param>

 		///

 		private void cmdGetInputReportInterrupt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					//  Don't allow another transfer request until this one completes.

 					//  Move the focus away from the button to prevent the focus from

 					//  switching to the next control in the tab order on disabling the button.

 					fraInterruptTransfers.Focus();

 					cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.Enabled = false;

 					_transferType = TransferTypes.Interrupt;

 					RequestToGetInputReport();

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Set the number of Input reports the HID driver will store.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void cmdInputReportBufferSize_Click(Object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					SetInputReportBufferSize();

 				}

 			}

 			catch

 				(Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Alternate sending and getting a report.

 		/// </summary>

 		/// <param name="sender"></param>

 		/// <param name="e"></param>

 		private void cmdPeriodicTransfers_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (cmdPeriodicTransfers.Text == "Start")

 				{

 					if (_transferInProgress)

 					{

 						DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						_sendOrGet = SendOrGet.Send;

 						PeriodicTransfersStart();

 					}

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					PeriodicTransfersStop();

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Request to send a Feature report using a control transfer.

 		/// </summary>

 		/// <param name="sender"></param>

 		/// <param name="e"></param>

 		private void cmdSendFeatureReport_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					//  Don't allow another transfer request until this one completes.

 					//  Move the focus away from the button to prevent the focus from

 					//  switching to the next control in the tab order on disabling the button.

 					fraControlTransfers.Focus();

 					cmdSendFeatureReport.Enabled = false;

 					_transferType = TransferTypes.Control;

 					RequestToSendFeatureReport();

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Request to send an Output report using a control transfer.

 		/// </summary>

 		/// <param name="sender"></param>

 		/// <param name="e"></param>

 		///

 		private void cmdSendOutputReportControl_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					//  Don't allow another transfer request until this one completes.

 					//  Move the focus away from the button to prevent the focus from

 					//  switching to the next control in the tab order on disabling the button.

 					fraControlTransfers.Focus();

 					cmdSendOutputReportControl.Enabled = false;

 					_transferType = TransferTypes.Control;

 					RequestToSendOutputReport();

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Request to send an Output report using an interrupt transfer.

 		/// </summary>

 		/// <param name="sender"></param>

 		/// <param name="e"></param>

 		private void cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					//  Don't allow another transfer request until this one completes.

 					//  Move the focus away from the button to prevent the focus from

 					//  switching to the next control in the tab order on disabling the button.

 					fraInterruptTransfers.Focus();

 					cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.Enabled = false;

 					_transferType = TransferTypes.Interrupt;

 					RequestToSendOutputReport();

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Called on arrival of any device.

 		///  Calls a routine that searches to see if the desired device is present.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void DeviceAdded(object sender, EventArrivedEventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				Debug.WriteLine("A USB device has been inserted");

 				_deviceDetected = FindDeviceUsingWmi();

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Called if the user changes the Vendor ID or Product ID in the text box.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void DeviceHasChanged()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				//  If a device was previously detected, stop receiving notifications about it.

 				if (_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					DeviceNotificationsStop();

 					CloseCommunications();

 				}

 				// Look for a device that matches the Vendor ID and Product ID in the text boxes.

 				FindTheHid();

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Add handlers to detect device arrival and removal.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void DeviceNotificationsStart()

 		{

 			AddDeviceArrivedHandler();

 			AddDeviceRemovedHandler();

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Stop receiving notifications about device arrival and removal

 		///  </summary>

 		private void DeviceNotificationsStop()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (_deviceArrivedWatcher != null)

 					_deviceArrivedWatcher.Stop();

 				if (_deviceRemovedWatcher != null)

 					_deviceRemovedWatcher.Stop();

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Called on removal of any device.

 		///  Calls a routine that searches to see if the desired device is still present.

 		///  </summary>

 		///

 		private void DeviceRemoved(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				Debug.WriteLine("A USB device has been removed");

 				_deviceDetected = FindDeviceUsingWmi();

 				if (!_deviceDetected)

 				{

 					_deviceHandleObtained = false;

 					CloseCommunications();

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Displays received or written report data.

 		///  </summary>

 		///

 		///  <param name="buffer"> contains the report data. </param>

 		///  <param name="currentReportType" > "Input", "Output", or "Feature"</param>

 		///  <param name="currentReadOrWritten" > "read" for Input and IN Feature reports, "written" for Output and OUT Feature reports.</param>

 		private void DisplayReportData(Byte[] buffer, ReportTypes currentReportType, ReportReadOrWritten currentReadOrWritten)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				Int32 count;

 				LstResults.Items.Add(currentReportType.ToString() + " report has been " + currentReadOrWritten.ToString().ToLower() + ".");

 				//  Display the report data received in the form's list box.

 				LstResults.Items.Add(" Report ID: " + String.Format("{0:X2} ", buffer[0]));

                 LstResults.Items.Add(" Report Data Size: " + (buffer.Length-1)); //Exclude one byte for the report ID

 				LstResults.Items.Add(" Report Data:");

 				TxtBytesReceived.Text = "";

                 String byteString = "";

 				for (count = 1; count <= buffer.Length - 1; count++)

 				{

 					//  Display bytes as 2-character Hex strings.

                     byteString += String.Format(" {0:X2} ", buffer[count]);

                     if (count % 16 == 0)

                     {

                         //Add a line to our list box every 16 bytes

                         LstResults.Items.Add(byteString);

                         byteString = "";

                     }

 					//  Display the received bytes in the text box.

                     //TxtBytesReceived.SelectionStart = TxtBytesReceived.Text.Length;

 					//TxtBytesReceived.SelectedText = byteValue + Environment.NewLine;

 				}

                 //Add the rests of our data

                 LstResults.Items.Add(byteString);

 				ScrollToBottomOfListBox();

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Display a message if the user clicks a button when a transfer is in progress.

 		///  </summary>

 		///

 		private void DisplayTransferInProgressMessage()

 		{

 			AccessForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "Command not executed because a transfer is in progress.");

 			ScrollToBottomOfListBox();

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Do periodic transfers.

 		///  </summary>

 		/// <param name="source"></param>

 		/// <param name="e"></param>

 		///  <remarks>

 		///  The timer is enabled only if continuous (periodic) transfers have been requested.

 		///  </remarks>

 		private void DoPeriodicTransfers(object source, ElapsedEventArgs e)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				PeriodicTransfers();

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Enable the command buttons on the form.

 		/// Needed after attempting a transfer and device not found.

 		/// </summary>

 		///

 		private void EnableFormControls()

 		{

 			cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.Enabled = true;

 			cmdSendOutputReportControl.Enabled = true;

 			cmdGetInputReportControl.Enabled = true;

 			cmdGetFeatureReport.Enabled = true;

 			cmdSendFeatureReport.Enabled = true;

 			cmdPeriodicTransfers.Enabled = true;

 			cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.Enabled = true;

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Use the System.Management class to find a device by Vendor ID and Product ID using WMI. If found, display device properties.

 		///  </summary>

 		/// <remarks>

 		/// During debugging, if you stop the firmware but leave the device attached, the device may still be detected as present

 		/// but will be unable to communicate. The device will show up in Windows Device Manager as well.

 		/// This situation is unlikely to occur with a final product.

 		/// </remarks>

 		private Boolean FindDeviceUsingWmi()

 		{

 			try

 			{

                 MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.ResetDeviceTreeView);

 				// Prepend "@" to string below to treat backslash as a normal character (not escape character):

 				String deviceIdString = @"USB\VID_" + _myVendorId.ToString("X4") + "&PID_" + _myProductId.ToString("X4");

 				_deviceDetected = false;

 				var searcher = new ManagementObjectSearcher("root\\CIMV2", "SELECT * FROM Win32_PnPEntity");

                 int usbDeviceCounter = 0;

 				foreach (ManagementObject queryObj in searcher.Get())

 				{

                     string deviceId = queryObj["PNPDeviceID"].ToString();

                     if (deviceId.Contains(deviceIdString))

                     {

                         _deviceDetected = true;

                         MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "My device found (WMI):");

                         MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "--------");

                         List<string> device = new List<string>();

                         device.Add(deviceId);

                         usbDeviceCounter++;

                         // Display device properties.

                         foreach (WmiDeviceProperties wmiDeviceProperty in Enum.GetValues(typeof(WmiDeviceProperties)))

                         {

                             MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, (wmiDeviceProperty.ToString() + ": " + queryObj[wmiDeviceProperty.ToString()]));

                             device.Add((wmiDeviceProperty.ToString() + ": " + queryObj[wmiDeviceProperty.ToString()]));

                             Debug.WriteLine(wmiDeviceProperty.ToString() + ": {0}", queryObj[wmiDeviceProperty.ToString()]);

                         }

                         MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "--------");

                         MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.ScrollToBottomOfListBox, "");

                         MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddDeviceToTreeView, device.ToArray());

                         MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.SelectDeviceInTreeView, deviceId);

                     }

                     else if (deviceId.StartsWith("USB\\VID"))

                     {

                         List<string> device = new List<string>();

                         device.Add(deviceId);

                         usbDeviceCounter++;

                         // Add device properties.

                         foreach (WmiDeviceProperties wmiDeviceProperty in Enum.GetValues(typeof(WmiDeviceProperties)))

                         {

                             device.Add((wmiDeviceProperty.ToString() + ": " + queryObj[wmiDeviceProperty.ToString()]));

                             Debug.WriteLine(wmiDeviceProperty.ToString() + ": {0}", queryObj[wmiDeviceProperty.ToString()]);

                         }

                         MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddDeviceToTreeView, device.ToArray());

                     }

 				}

                 //Complete our device TreeView

                 MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.CompleteDeviceTreeView);

                 MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "Found " + usbDeviceCounter /*searcher.Get().Count*/ + " USB HID devices");

 				if (!_deviceDetected)

 				{

 					MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "My device not found (WMI)");

 					MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.ScrollToBottomOfListBox, "");

 				}

 				return _deviceDetected;

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Call HID functions that use Win32 API functions to locate a HID-class device

 		///  by its Vendor ID and Product ID. Open a handle to the device.

 		///  </summary>

 		///

 		///  <returns>

 		///   True if the device is detected, False if not detected.

 		///  </returns>

 		private Boolean FindTheHid()

 		{

 			var devicePathName = new String[128];

 			String myDevicePathName = "";

 			try

 			{

 				_deviceHandleObtained = false;

 				CloseCommunications();

 				//  Get the device's Vendor ID and Product ID from the form's text boxes.

 				GetVendorAndProductIDsFromTextBoxes(ref _myVendorId, ref _myProductId);

 				// Get the HID-class GUID.

 				Guid hidGuid = _myHid.GetHidGuid();

 				String functionName = "GetHidGuid";

 				Debug.WriteLine(_myDebugging.ResultOfApiCall(functionName));

 				Debug.WriteLine("  GUID for system HIDs: " + hidGuid.ToString());

 				//  Fill an array with the device path names of all attached HIDs.

 				Boolean availableHids = _myDeviceManagement.FindDeviceFromGuid(hidGuid, ref devicePathName);

 				//  If there is at least one HID, attempt to read the Vendor ID and Product ID

 				//  of each device until there is a match or all devices have been examined.

 				if (availableHids)

 				{

 					Int32 memberIndex = 0;

 					do

 					{

 						// Open the handle without read/write access to enable getting information about any HID, even system keyboards and mice.

 						_hidHandle = _myHid.OpenHandle(devicePathName[memberIndex], false);

 						functionName = "CreateFile";

 						Debug.WriteLine(_myDebugging.ResultOfApiCall(functionName));

 						Debug.WriteLine("  Returned handle: " + _hidHandle);

 						if (!_hidHandle.IsInvalid)

 						{

 							// The returned handle is valid,

 							// so find out if this is the device we're looking for.

 							_myHid.DeviceAttributes.Size = Marshal.SizeOf(_myHid.DeviceAttributes);

 							Boolean success = _myHid.GetAttributes(_hidHandle, ref _myHid.DeviceAttributes);

 							if (success)

 							{

 								Debug.WriteLine("  HIDD_ATTRIBUTES structure filled without error.");

 								Debug.WriteLine("  Structure size: " + _myHid.DeviceAttributes.Size);

 								Debug.WriteLine("  Vendor ID: " + Convert.ToString(_myHid.DeviceAttributes.VendorID, 16));

 								Debug.WriteLine("  Product ID: " + Convert.ToString(_myHid.DeviceAttributes.ProductID, 16));

 								Debug.WriteLine("  Version Number: " + Convert.ToString(_myHid.DeviceAttributes.VersionNumber, 16));

 								if ((_myHid.DeviceAttributes.VendorID == _myVendorId) && (_myHid.DeviceAttributes.ProductID == _myProductId))

 								{

 									Debug.WriteLine("  Handle obtained to my device");

 									//  Display the information in form's list box.

 									MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "Handle obtained to my device:");

 									MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "  Vendor ID= " + Convert.ToString(_myHid.DeviceAttributes.VendorID, 16));

 									MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "  Product ID = " + Convert.ToString(_myHid.DeviceAttributes.ProductID, 16));

 									MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.ScrollToBottomOfListBox, "");

 									_deviceHandleObtained = true;

 									myDevicePathName = devicePathName[memberIndex];

 								}

 								else

 								{

 									//  It's not a match, so close the handle.

 									_deviceHandleObtained = false;

 									_hidHandle.Close();

 								}

 							}

 							else

 							{

 								//  There was a problem retrieving the information.

 								Debug.WriteLine("  Error in filling HIDD_ATTRIBUTES structure.");

 								_deviceHandleObtained = false;

 								_hidHandle.Close();

 							}

 						}

 						//  Keep looking until we find the device or there are no devices left to examine.

 						memberIndex = memberIndex + 1;

 					}

 					while (!((_deviceHandleObtained || (memberIndex == devicePathName.Length))));

 				}

 				if (_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					//  The device was detected.

 					//  Learn the capabilities of the device.

 					_myHid.Capabilities = _myHid.GetDeviceCapabilities(_hidHandle);

 					//  Find out if the device is a system mouse or keyboard.

 					_hidUsage = _myHid.GetHidUsage(_myHid.Capabilities);

 					//  Get the Input report buffer size.

 					GetInputReportBufferSize();

 					MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.EnableInputReportBufferSize, "");

 					//Close the handle and reopen it with read/write access.

 					_hidHandle.Close();

 					_hidHandle = _myHid.OpenHandle(myDevicePathName, true);

 					if (_hidHandle.IsInvalid)

 					{

 						MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The device is a system " + _hidUsage + ".");

 						MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "Windows 2000 and later obtain exclusive access to Input and Output reports for this devices.");

 						MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "Windows 8 also obtains exclusive access to Feature reports.");

 						MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.ScrollToBottomOfListBox, "");

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						if (_myHid.Capabilities.InputReportByteLength > 0)

 						{

 							//  Set the size of the Input report buffer.

 							var inputReportBuffer = new Byte[_myHid.Capabilities.InputReportByteLength];

 							_deviceData = new FileStream(_hidHandle, FileAccess.Read | FileAccess.Write, inputReportBuffer.Length, false);

 						}

 						if (_myHid.Capabilities.OutputReportByteLength > 0)

 						{

 							Byte[] outputReportBuffer = null;

 						}

 						//  Flush any waiting reports in the input buffer. (optional)

 						_myHid.FlushQueue(_hidHandle);

 					}

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "Device not found.");

 					MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.DisableInputReportBufferSize, "");

 					EnableFormControls();

 					MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.ScrollToBottomOfListBox, "");

 				}

 				return _deviceHandleObtained;

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Perform shutdown operations.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void frmMain_Closed(Object eventSender, EventArgs eventArgs)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				Shutdown();

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Perform startup operations.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void frmMain_Load(Object eventSender, EventArgs eventArgs)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				FrmMy = this;

 				Startup();

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		private void GetBytesToSend()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				//  Get the bytes to send in a report from the combo boxes.

 				//  Increment the values if the autoincrement check box is selected.

 				if (ChkAutoincrement.Checked)

 				{

 					if (CboByte0.SelectedIndex < 255)

 					{

 						CboByte0.SelectedIndex = CboByte0.SelectedIndex + 1;

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						CboByte0.SelectedIndex = 0;

 					}

 					if (CboByte1.SelectedIndex < 255)

 					{

 						CboByte1.SelectedIndex = CboByte1.SelectedIndex + 1;

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						CboByte1.SelectedIndex = 0;

 					}

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Find and display the number of Input buffers

 		///  (the number of Input reports the HID driver will store).

 		///  </summary>

 		private void GetInputReportBufferSize()

 		{

 			Int32 numberOfInputBuffers = 0;

 			Boolean success;

 			try

 			{

 				//  Get the number of input buffers.

 				_myHid.GetNumberOfInputBuffers(_hidHandle, ref numberOfInputBuffers);

 				//  Display the result in the text box.

 				MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.SetInputReportBufferSize, Convert.ToString(numberOfInputBuffers));

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Retrieve a Vendor ID and Product ID in hexadecimal

 		///  from the form's text boxes and convert the text to Int32s.

 		///  </summary>

 		///

 		///  <param name="myVendorId"> the Vendor ID</param>

 		///  <param name="myProductId"> the Product ID</param>

 		private void GetVendorAndProductIDsFromTextBoxes(ref Int32 myVendorId, ref Int32 myProductId)

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				myVendorId = Int32.Parse(txtVendorID.Text, NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier);

 				myProductId = Int32.Parse(txtProductID.Text, NumberStyles.AllowHexSpecifier);

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Initialize the elements on the form.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void InitializeDisplay()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				//  Create a dropdown list box for each byte to send in a report.

 				//  Display the values as 2-character hex strings.

 				Int16 count;

 				for (count = 0; count <= 255; count++)

 				{

 					String byteValue = String.Format("{0:X2} ", count);

 					FrmMy.CboByte0.Items.Insert(count, byteValue);

 					FrmMy.CboByte1.Items.Insert(count, byteValue);

 				}

 				//  Select a default value for each box

 				FrmMy.CboByte0.SelectedIndex = 0;

 				FrmMy.CboByte1.SelectedIndex = 128;

 				FrmMy.radInputOutputInterrupt.Checked = true;

 				//  Check the autoincrement box to increment the values each time a report is sent.

 				ChkAutoincrement.CheckState = CheckState.Checked;

 				//  Don't allow the user to select an input report buffer size until there is

 				//  a handle to a HID.

 				cmdInputReportBufferSize.Focus();

 				cmdInputReportBufferSize.Enabled = false;

 				LstResults.Items.Add("For a more detailed event log, view debug statements in Visual Studio's Output window:");

 				LstResults.Items.Add("Click Build > Configuration Manager > Active Solution Configuration > Debug > Close.");

 				LstResults.Items.Add("Then click View > Output.");

 				LstResults.Items.Add("");

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Enables accessing a form's controls from another thread

 		///  </summary>

 		///

 		///  <param name="action"> a FormActions member that names the action to perform on the form </param>

 		///  <param name="textToDisplay"> text that the form displays or the code uses for

 		///  another purpose. Actions that don't use text ignore this parameter.  </param>

         private void MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions action, params string[] strings)

 		{

 			try

 			{

                 object[] args = { action, strings };

 				//  The AccessForm routine contains the code that accesses the form.

 				MarshalDataToForm marshalDataToFormDelegate = AccessForm;

 				//  Execute AccessForm, passing the parameters in args.

 				Invoke(marshalDataToFormDelegate, args);

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Timeout if read via interrupt transfer doesn't return.

 		/// </summary>

 		private void OnReadTimeout()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The attempt to read a report timed out.");

 				MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.ScrollToBottomOfListBox, "");

 				CloseCommunications();

 				MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.EnableGetInputReportInterruptTransfer, "");

 				_transferInProgress = false;

 				_sendOrGet = SendOrGet.Send;

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Timeout if write via interrupt transfer doesn't return.

 		/// </summary>

 		private void OnWriteTimeout()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The attempt to write a report timed out.");

 				MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.ScrollToBottomOfListBox, "");

 				CloseCommunications();

 				MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.EnableSendOutputReportInterrupt, "");

 				_transferInProgress = false;

 				_sendOrGet = SendOrGet.Get;

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Alternat sending and getting a report.

 		/// </summary>

 		private void PeriodicTransfers()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (!_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					if (_reportType == ReportTypes.Feature)

 					{

 						SendOrGetFeatureReport();

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						// Output and Input reports

 						SendOutputReportOrGetInputReport();

 					}

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Start doing periodic transfers.

 		/// </summary>

 		private void PeriodicTransfersStart()

 		{

 			// Don't allow changing the transfer type while transfers are in progress.

 			if (radFeature.Checked)

 			{

 				radInputOutputControl.Enabled = false;

 				radInputOutputInterrupt.Enabled = false;

 			}

 			else if (radInputOutputControl.Checked)

 			{

 				radFeature.Enabled = false;

 				radInputOutputInterrupt.Enabled = false;

 			}

 			else if (radInputOutputInterrupt.Checked)

 			{

 				radFeature.Enabled = false;

 				radInputOutputControl.Enabled = false;

 			}

 			//  Change the command button's text.

 			cmdPeriodicTransfers.Text = "Stop";

 			//  Enable the timer event to trigger a set of transfers.

 			_periodicTransfers.Start();

 			cmdPeriodicTransfers.Enabled = true;

 			if (radInputOutputInterrupt.Checked)

 			{

 				_transferType = TransferTypes.Interrupt;

 				_reportType = ReportTypes.Output;

 			}

 			else if (radInputOutputControl.Checked)

 			{

 				_transferType = TransferTypes.Control;

 				_reportType = ReportTypes.Output;

 			}

 			else if (radFeature.Checked)

 			{

 				_transferType = TransferTypes.Control;

 				_reportType = ReportTypes.Feature;

 			}

 			_periodicTransfersRequested = true;

 			PeriodicTransfers();

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Stop doing periodic transfers.

 		/// </summary>

 		private void PeriodicTransfersStop()

 		{

 			//  Stop doing continuous transfers.

 			_periodicTransfersRequested = false;

 			// Disable the timer that triggers the transfers.

 			_periodicTransfers.Stop();

 			cmdPeriodicTransfers.Enabled = true;

 			//  Change the command button's text.

 			cmdPeriodicTransfers.Text = "Start";

 			// Re-allow changing the transfer type.

 			radFeature.Enabled = true;

 			radInputOutputControl.Enabled = true;

 			radInputOutputInterrupt.Enabled = true;

 		}

 		private void radInputOutputControl_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 		}

 		private void radInputOutputInterrupt_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 		}

 		private void radFeature_CheckedChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)

 		{

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Request a Feature report.

 		///  Assumes report ID = 0.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void RequestToGetFeatureReport()

 		{

 			String byteValue = null;

 			try

 			{

 				//  If the device hasn't been detected, was removed, or timed out on a previous attempt

 				//  to access it, look for the device.

 				if (!_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					_deviceHandleObtained = FindTheHid();

 				}

 				if (_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					Byte[] inFeatureReportBuffer = null;

 					if ((_myHid.Capabilities.FeatureReportByteLength > 0))

 					{

 						//  The HID has a Feature report.

 						//  Read a report from the device.

 						//  Set the size of the Feature report buffer.

 						if ((_myHid.Capabilities.FeatureReportByteLength > 0))

 						{

 							inFeatureReportBuffer = new Byte[_myHid.Capabilities.FeatureReportByteLength];

 						}

 						//  Read a report.

 						Boolean success = _myHid.GetFeatureReport(_hidHandle, ref inFeatureReportBuffer);

 						if (success)

 						{

 							DisplayReportData(inFeatureReportBuffer, ReportTypes.Feature, ReportReadOrWritten.Read);

 						}

 						else

 						{

 							CloseCommunications();

 							MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The attempt to read a Feature report failed.");

 							ScrollToBottomOfListBox();

 						}

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The HID doesn't have a Feature report.");

 						ScrollToBottomOfListBox();

 					}

 				}

 				_transferInProgress = false;

 				cmdGetFeatureReport.Enabled = true;

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Request an Input report.

 		///  Assumes report ID = 0.

 		///  </summary>

 		private async void RequestToGetInputReport()

 		{

 			const Int32 readTimeout = 5000;

 			String byteValue = null;

 			Byte[] inputReportBuffer = null;

 			try

 			{

 				Boolean success = false;

 				//  If the device hasn't been detected, was removed, or timed out on a previous attempt

 				//  to access it, look for the device.

 				if (!_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					_deviceHandleObtained = FindTheHid();

 				}

 				if (_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					//  Don't attempt to exchange reports if valid handles aren't available

 					//  (as for a mouse or keyboard under Windows 2000 and later.)

 					if (!_hidHandle.IsInvalid)

 					{

 						//  Read an Input report.

 						//  Don't attempt to send an Input report if the HID has no Input report.

 						//  (The HID spec requires all HIDs to have an interrupt IN endpoint,

 						//  which suggests that all HIDs must support Input reports.)

 						if (_myHid.Capabilities.InputReportByteLength > 0)

 						{

 							//  Set the size of the Input report buffer.

 							inputReportBuffer = new Byte[_myHid.Capabilities.InputReportByteLength];

 							if (_transferType.Equals(TransferTypes.Control))

 							{

 								{

 									_transferInProgress = true;

 									//  Read a report using a control transfer.

 									success = _myHid.GetInputReportViaControlTransfer(_hidHandle, ref inputReportBuffer);

 									cmdGetInputReportControl.Enabled = true;

 									_transferInProgress = false;

 								}

 							}

 							else

 							{

 								{

 									_transferInProgress = true;

 									//  Read a report using interrupt transfers.

 									//  Timeout if no report available.

 									//  To enable reading a report without blocking the calling thread, uses Filestream's ReadAsync method.

 									// Create a delegate to execute on a timeout.

 									Action onReadTimeoutAction = OnReadTimeout;

 									// The CancellationTokenSource specifies the timeout value and the action to take on a timeout.

 									var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

 									// Cancel the read if it hasn't completed after a timeout.

 									cts.CancelAfter(readTimeout);

 									// Specify the function to call on a timeout.

 									cts.Token.Register(onReadTimeoutAction);

 									// Stops waiting when data is available or on timeout:

 									Int32 bytesRead = await _myHid.GetInputReportViaInterruptTransfer(_deviceData, inputReportBuffer, cts);

 									// Arrive here only if the operation completed.

 									// Dispose to stop the timeout timer.

 									cts.Dispose();

 									_transferInProgress = false;

 									cmdGetInputReportInterrupt.Enabled = true;

 									if (bytesRead > 0)

 									{

 										success = true;

 										Debug.Print("bytes read (includes report ID) = " + Convert.ToString(bytesRead));

 									}

 								}

 							}

 						}

 						else

 						{

 							MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "No attempt to read an Input report was made.");

 							MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The HID doesn't have an Input report.");

 						}

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "Invalid handle.");

 						MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox,

 											"No attempt to write an Output report or read an Input report was made.");

 					}

 					if (success)

 					{

 						DisplayReportData(inputReportBuffer, ReportTypes.Input, ReportReadOrWritten.Read);

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						CloseCommunications();

 						MyMarshalDataToForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The attempt to read an Input report has failed.");

 						ScrollToBottomOfListBox();

 					}

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Sends a Feature report.

 		///  Assumes report ID = 0.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void RequestToSendFeatureReport()

 		{

 			String byteValue = null;

 			try

 			{

 				_transferInProgress = true;

 				//  If the device hasn't been detected, was removed, or timed out on a previous attempt

 				//  to access it, look for the device.

 				if (!_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					_deviceHandleObtained = FindTheHid();

 				}

 				if (_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					GetBytesToSend();

 					if ((_myHid.Capabilities.FeatureReportByteLength > 0))

 					{

 						//  The HID has a Feature report.

 						//  Set the size of the Feature report buffer.

 						var outFeatureReportBuffer = new Byte[_myHid.Capabilities.FeatureReportByteLength];

 						//  Store the report ID in the buffer.

 						outFeatureReportBuffer[0] = 0;

 						//  Store the report data following the report ID.

 						//  Use the data in the combo boxes on the form.

 						outFeatureReportBuffer[1] = Convert.ToByte(CboByte0.SelectedIndex);

 						if (outFeatureReportBuffer.GetUpperBound(0) > 1)

 						{

 							outFeatureReportBuffer[2] = Convert.ToByte(CboByte1.SelectedIndex);

 						}

 						//  Write a report to the device

 						Boolean success = _myHid.SendFeatureReport(_hidHandle, outFeatureReportBuffer);

 						if (success)

 						{

 							DisplayReportData(outFeatureReportBuffer, ReportTypes.Feature, ReportReadOrWritten.Written);

 						}

 						else

 						{

 							CloseCommunications();

 							AccessForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The attempt to send a Feature report failed.");

 							ScrollToBottomOfListBox();

 						}

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						AccessForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The HID doesn't have a Feature report.");

 						ScrollToBottomOfListBox();

 					}

 				}

 				_transferInProgress = false;

 				cmdSendFeatureReport.Enabled = true;

 				ScrollToBottomOfListBox();

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

         //

         //

         public static void Fill<T>(T[] arr, T value)

         {

             for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)

             {

                 arr[i] = value;

             }

         }

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Sends an Output report.

 		///  Assumes report ID = 0.

 		///  </summary>

 		private async void RequestToSendOutputReport()

 		{

 			const Int32 writeTimeout = 5000;

 			String byteValue = null;

 			try

 			{

 				//  If the device hasn't been detected, was removed, or timed out on a previous attempt

 				//  to access it, look for the device.

 				if (!_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					_deviceHandleObtained = FindTheHid();

 				}

 				if (_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					GetBytesToSend();

 				}

 				//  Don't attempt to exchange reports if valid handles aren't available

 				//  (as for a mouse or keyboard.)

 				if (!_hidHandle.IsInvalid)

 				{

 					//  Don't attempt to send an Output report if the HID has no Output report.

 					if (_myHid.Capabilities.OutputReportByteLength > 0)

 					{

 						//  Set the size of the Output report buffer.

 						Byte[] outputReportBuffer = new Byte[_myHid.Capabilities.OutputReportByteLength];

                         Fill<Byte>(outputReportBuffer,0);

 						//  Store the report ID in the first byte of the buffer:

 						outputReportBuffer[0] = 0;

 						//  Store the report data following the report ID.

 						//  Use the data in the combo boxes on the form.

 						outputReportBuffer[1] = Convert.ToByte(CboByte0.SelectedIndex);

 						if (outputReportBuffer.GetUpperBound(0) > 1)

 						{

 							outputReportBuffer[2] = Convert.ToByte(CboByte1.SelectedIndex);

 						}

                         //Futaba GP1212A01A

                         //Clear screen

                         outputReportBuffer[0] = 0;      //Report ID 

                         outputReportBuffer[1] = 4;      //Size of report, as per Futaba specs

                         outputReportBuffer[2] = 0x1B;   //Clear screen code

                         outputReportBuffer[3] = 0x5B;

                         outputReportBuffer[4] = 0x32;

                         outputReportBuffer[5] = 0x4A;

 						//  Write a report.

 						Boolean success;

 						if (_transferType.Equals(TransferTypes.Control))

 						{

 							{

 								_transferInProgress = true;

 								//  Use a control transfer to send the report,

 								//  even if the HID has an interrupt OUT endpoint.

 								success = _myHid.SendOutputReportViaControlTransfer(_hidHandle, outputReportBuffer);

 								_transferInProgress = false;

 								cmdSendOutputReportControl.Enabled = true;

 							}

 						}

 						else

 						{

 							Debug.Print("interrupt");

 							_transferInProgress = true;

 							// The CancellationTokenSource specifies the timeout value and the action to take on a timeout.

 							var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();

 							// Create a delegate to execute on a timeout.

 							Action onWriteTimeoutAction = OnWriteTimeout;

 							// Cancel the read if it hasn't completed after a timeout.

 							cts.CancelAfter(writeTimeout);

 							// Specify the function to call on a timeout.

 							cts.Token.Register(onWriteTimeoutAction);

 							// Send an Output report and wait for completion or timeout.

 							success = await _myHid.SendOutputReportViaInterruptTransfer(_deviceData, _hidHandle, outputReportBuffer, cts);

 							// Get here only if the operation completes without a timeout.

 							_transferInProgress = false;

 							cmdSendOutputReportInterrupt.Enabled = true;

 							// Dispose to stop the timeout timer.

 							cts.Dispose();

 						}

 						if (success)

 						{

 							DisplayReportData(outputReportBuffer, ReportTypes.Output, ReportReadOrWritten.Written);

 						}

 						else

 						{

 							CloseCommunications();

 							AccessForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The attempt to write an Output report failed.");

 							ScrollToBottomOfListBox();

 						}

 					}

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					AccessForm(FormActions.AddItemToListBox, "The HID doesn't have an Output report.");

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Scroll to the bottom of the list box and trim as needed.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void ScrollToBottomOfListBox()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				LstResults.SelectedIndex = LstResults.Items.Count - 1;

 				//  If the list box is getting too large, trim its contents by removing the earliest data.

 				if (LstResults.Items.Count > 1000)

 				{

 					Int32 count;

 					for (count = 1; count <= 500; count++)

 					{

 						LstResults.Items.RemoveAt(4);

 					}

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Request to send or get a Feature report.

 		/// </summary>

 		private void SendOrGetFeatureReport()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				//  If the device hasn't been detected, was removed, or timed out on a previous attempt

 				//  to access it, look for the device.

 				if (!_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					_deviceHandleObtained = FindTheHid();

 				}

 				if (_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					switch (_sendOrGet)

 					{

 						case SendOrGet.Send:

 							RequestToSendFeatureReport();

 							_sendOrGet = SendOrGet.Get;

 							break;

 						case SendOrGet.Get:

 							RequestToGetFeatureReport();

 							_sendOrGet = SendOrGet.Send;

 							break;

 					}

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		/// <summary>

 		/// Request to send an Output report or get an Input report.

 		/// </summary>

 		private void SendOutputReportOrGetInputReport()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				//  If the device hasn't been detected, was removed, or timed out on a previous attempt

 				//  to access it, look for the device.

 				if (!_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					_deviceHandleObtained = FindTheHid();

 				}

 				if (_deviceHandleObtained)

 				{

 					if (_sendOrGet == SendOrGet.Send)

 					{

 						RequestToSendOutputReport();

 						_sendOrGet = SendOrGet.Get;

 					}

 					else

 					{

 						RequestToGetInputReport();

 						_sendOrGet = SendOrGet.Send;

 					}

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Set the number of Input buffers (the number of Input reports

 		///  the host will store) from the value in the text box.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void SetInputReportBufferSize()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				if (!_transferInProgress)

 				{

 					//  Get the number of buffers from the text box.

 					Int32 numberOfInputBuffers = Convert.ToInt32(txtInputReportBufferSize.Text);

 					//  Set the number of buffers.

 					_myHid.SetNumberOfInputBuffers(_hidHandle, numberOfInputBuffers);

 					//  Verify and display the result.

 					GetInputReportBufferSize();

 				}

 				else

 				{

 					DisplayTransferInProgressMessage();

 				}

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Perform actions that must execute when the program ends.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void Shutdown()

 		{

 			try

 			{

 				CloseCommunications();

 				DeviceNotificationsStop();

 			}

 			catch (Exception ex)

 			{

 				DisplayException(Name, ex);

 				throw;

 			}

 		}

 		///  <summary>

 		///  Perform actions that must execute when the program starts.

 		///  </summary>

 		private void Startup()

 		{

 			const Int32 periodicTransferInterval = 1000;

 			try

 			{

 				_myHid = new Hid();

 				InitializeDisplay();

 				_periodicTransfers = new System.Timers.Timer(periodicTransferInterval);