/*

  Version: MPL 1.1/GPL 2.0/LGPL 2.1

  The contents of this file are subject to the Mozilla Public License Version

  1.1 (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

  the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at

  http://www.mozilla.org/MPL/

  Software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" basis,

  WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License

  for the specific language governing rights and limitations under the License.

  The Original Code is the Open Hardware Monitor code.

  The Initial Developer of the Original Code is 

  Michael Möller <m.moeller@gmx.ch>.

  Portions created by the Initial Developer are Copyright (C) 2009-2010

  the Initial Developer. All Rights Reserved.

  Contributor(s):

  Alternatively, the contents of this file may be used under the terms of

  either the GNU General Public License Version 2 or later (the "GPL"), or

  the GNU Lesser General Public License Version 2.1 or later (the "LGPL"),

  in which case the provisions of the GPL or the LGPL are applicable instead

  of those above. If you wish to allow use of your version of this file only

  under the terms of either the GPL or the LGPL, and not to allow others to

  use your version of this file under the terms of the MPL, indicate your

  decision by deleting the provisions above and replace them with the notice

  and other provisions required by the GPL or the LGPL. If you do not delete

  the provisions above, a recipient may use your version of this file under

  the terms of any one of the MPL, the GPL or the LGPL.

*/

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.Drawing;

using System.Diagnostics;

using System.Globalization;

using System.Reflection;

using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

using System.Threading;

using System.Text;

namespace OpenHardwareMonitor.Hardware.CPU {

  public class IntelCPU : Hardware, IHardware {

    private string name;

    private Image icon;

    private uint family;

    private uint model;

    private uint stepping;

    private Sensor[] coreTemperatures;

    private Sensor totalLoad;

    private Sensor[] coreLoads;

    private Sensor[] coreClocks;

    private Sensor busClock;

    private uint logicalProcessors;

    private uint logicalProcessorsPerCore;

    private uint coreCount;

    private bool hasTSC;

    private bool invariantTSC;    

    private double estimatedMaxClock;

    private ulong affinityMask;

    private CPULoad cpuLoad;

    private ulong lastTimeStampCount;    

    private long lastTime;

    private uint maxNehalemMultiplier = 0;    

    private const uint IA32_THERM_STATUS_MSR = 0x019C;

    private const uint IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET = 0x01A2;

    private const uint IA32_PERF_STATUS = 0x0198;

    private const uint MSR_PLATFORM_INFO = 0xCE;

    private string CoreString(int i) {

      if (coreCount == 1)

        return "CPU Core";

      else

        return "CPU Core #" + (i + 1);

    }

    [DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]

    private static extern bool GetProcessAffinityMask(IntPtr handle, 

      out IntPtr processMask, out IntPtr systemMask);

    private float[] Floats(float f) {

      float[] result = new float[coreCount];

      for (int i = 0; i < coreCount; i++)

        result[i] = f;

      return result;

    }

    public IntelCPU(string name, uint family, uint model, uint stepping, 

      uint[,] cpuidData, uint[,] cpuidExtData) {

      this.name = name;

      this.icon = Utilities.EmbeddedResources.GetImage("cpu.png");

      this.family = family;

      this.model = model;

      this.stepping = stepping;

      logicalProcessors = 0;

      if (cpuidData.GetLength(0) > 0x0B) {

        uint eax, ebx, ecx, edx;

        WinRing0.CpuidEx(0x0B, 0, out eax, out ebx, out ecx, out edx);

        logicalProcessorsPerCore = ebx & 0xFF;

        if (logicalProcessorsPerCore > 0) {

          WinRing0.CpuidEx(0x0B, 1, out eax, out ebx, out ecx, out edx);

          logicalProcessors = ebx & 0xFF;

        }   

      }

      if (logicalProcessors <= 0 && cpuidData.GetLength(0) > 0x04) {

        uint coresPerPackage = ((cpuidData[4, 0] >> 26) & 0x3F) + 1;

        uint logicalPerPackage = (cpuidData[1, 1] >> 16) & 0xFF;        

        logicalProcessorsPerCore = logicalPerPackage / coresPerPackage;

        logicalProcessors = logicalPerPackage;

      }

      if (logicalProcessors <= 0 && cpuidData.GetLength(0) > 0x01) {

        uint logicalPerPackage = (cpuidData[1, 1] >> 16) & 0xFF;

        logicalProcessorsPerCore = logicalPerPackage;

        logicalProcessors = logicalPerPackage;

      }

      if (logicalProcessors <= 0) {

        logicalProcessors = 1;

        logicalProcessorsPerCore = 1;

      }

      IntPtr processMask, systemMask;

      GetProcessAffinityMask(Process.GetCurrentProcess().Handle,

        out processMask, out systemMask);

      affinityMask = (ulong)systemMask;

      // correct values in case HypeThreading is disabled

      if (logicalProcessorsPerCore > 1) {

        ulong affinity = affinityMask;

        int availableLogicalProcessors = 0;

        while (affinity != 0) {

          if ((affinity & 0x1) > 0)

            availableLogicalProcessors++;

          affinity >>= 1;

        }

        while (logicalProcessorsPerCore > 1 &&

          availableLogicalProcessors < logicalProcessors) {

          logicalProcessors >>= 1;

          logicalProcessorsPerCore >>= 1;

        }

      }

      coreCount = logicalProcessors / logicalProcessorsPerCore;

      float[] tjMax;

      switch (family) {

        case 0x06: {

            switch (model) {

              case 0x0F: // Intel Core (65nm)

                switch (stepping) {

                  case 0x06: // B2

                    switch (coreCount) {

                      case 2:

                        tjMax = Floats(80 + 10); break;

                      case 4:

                        tjMax = Floats(90 + 10); break;

                      default:

                        tjMax = Floats(85 + 10); break;

                    }

                    tjMax = Floats(80 + 10); break;

                  case 0x0B: // G0

                    tjMax = Floats(90 + 10); break;

                  case 0x0D: // M0

                    tjMax = Floats(85 + 10); break;

                  default:

                    tjMax = Floats(85 + 10); break;

                } break;

              case 0x17: // Intel Core (45nm)

                tjMax = Floats(100); break;

              case 0x1C: // Intel Atom 

                tjMax = Floats(90); break;

              case 0x1A: // Intel Core i7 LGA1366 (45nm)

              case 0x1E: // Intel Core i5, i7 LGA1156 (45nm)

              case 0x25: // Intel Core i3, i5, i7 LGA1156 (32nm)

                uint eax, edx;

                tjMax = new float[coreCount];

                for (int i = 0; i < coreCount; i++) {

                  if (WinRing0.RdmsrTx(IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET, out eax,

                    out edx, (UIntPtr)(

                    1 << (int)(logicalProcessorsPerCore * i)))) 

                  {

                    tjMax[i] = (eax >> 16) & 0xFF;

                  } else {

                    tjMax[i] = 100;

                  }

                }

                if (WinRing0.Rdmsr(MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, out eax, out edx)) {

                  maxNehalemMultiplier = (eax >> 8) & 0xff;

                }

                break;

              default:

                tjMax = Floats(100); break;

            }

          } break;

        default: tjMax = Floats(100); break;

      }

      // check if processor supports a digital thermal sensor

      if (cpuidData.GetLength(0) > 6 && (cpuidData[6, 0] & 1) != 0) {

        coreTemperatures = new Sensor[coreCount];

        for (int i = 0; i < coreTemperatures.Length; i++) {

          coreTemperatures[i] = new Sensor(CoreString(i), i, tjMax[i],

            SensorType.Temperature, this, new ParameterDescription[] { 

              new ParameterDescription(

                "TjMax", "TjMax temperature of the core.\n" + 

                "Temperature = TjMax - TSlope * Value.", tjMax[i]), 

              new ParameterDescription(

                "TSlope", "Temperature slope of the digital thermal sensor.\n" + 

                "Temperature = TjMax - TSlope * Value.", 1)});

        }

      } else {

        coreTemperatures = new Sensor[0];

      }

      if (coreCount > 1)

        totalLoad = new Sensor("CPU Total", 0, SensorType.Load, this);

      else

        totalLoad = null;

      coreLoads = new Sensor[coreCount];

      for (int i = 0; i < coreLoads.Length; i++)

        coreLoads[i] = new Sensor(CoreString(i), i + 1,

          SensorType.Load, this);     

      cpuLoad = new CPULoad(coreCount, logicalProcessorsPerCore);

      if (cpuLoad.IsAvailable) {

        foreach (Sensor sensor in coreLoads)

          ActivateSensor(sensor);

        if (totalLoad != null)

          ActivateSensor(totalLoad);

      }

      // check if processor has TSC

      if (cpuidData.GetLength(0) > 1 && (cpuidData[1, 3] & 0x10) != 0)

        hasTSC = true;

      else

        hasTSC = false; 

      // check if processor supports invariant TSC 

      if (cpuidExtData.GetLength(0) > 7 && (cpuidExtData[7, 3] & 0x100) != 0)

        invariantTSC = true;

      else

        invariantTSC = false;

      // preload the function

      EstimateMaxClock(0); 

      EstimateMaxClock(0); 

      // estimate the max clock in MHz      

      estimatedMaxClock = 1e-6 * EstimateMaxClock(0.01);

      lastTimeStampCount = 0;

      lastTime = 0;

      busClock = new Sensor("Bus Speed", 0, SensorType.Clock, this);      

      coreClocks = new Sensor[coreCount];

      for (int i = 0; i < coreClocks.Length; i++) {

        coreClocks[i] =

          new Sensor(CoreString(i), i + 1, SensorType.Clock, this);

        if (hasTSC)

          ActivateSensor(coreClocks[i]);

      }

      Update();                   

    }

    public string Name {

      get { return name; }

    }

    public string Identifier {

      get { return "/intelcpu/0"; }

    }

    public Image Icon {

      get { return icon; }

    }

    private void AppendMSRData(StringBuilder r, uint msr, int core) {

      uint eax, edx;

      if (WinRing0.RdmsrTx(msr, out eax, out edx,

         (UIntPtr)(1 << (int)(logicalProcessorsPerCore * core)))) {

        r.Append(" ");

        r.Append((msr).ToString("X8"));

        r.Append("  ");

        r.Append((edx).ToString("X8"));

        r.Append("  ");

        r.Append((eax).ToString("X8"));

        r.AppendLine();

      }

    }

    public string GetReport() {

      StringBuilder r = new StringBuilder();

      r.AppendLine("Intel CPU");

      r.AppendLine();

      r.AppendFormat("Name: {0}{1}", name, Environment.NewLine);

      r.AppendFormat("Number of Cores: {0}{1}", coreCount, 

        Environment.NewLine);

      r.AppendFormat("Threads per Core: {0}{1}", logicalProcessorsPerCore,

        Environment.NewLine);

      r.AppendFormat("Affinity Mask: 0x{0}{1}", affinityMask.ToString("X"),

        Environment.NewLine);

      r.AppendLine("TSC: " + 

        (hasTSC ? (invariantTSC ? "Invariant" : "Not Invariant") : "None"));

      r.AppendLine(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture, 

        "Timer Frequency: {0} MHz", Stopwatch.Frequency * 1e-6));

      r.AppendLine(string.Format(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,

        "Max Clock: {0} MHz", Math.Round(estimatedMaxClock * 100) * 0.01));

      r.AppendLine();

      for (int i = 0; i < coreCount; i++) {

        r.AppendLine("MSR Core #" + (i + 1));

        r.AppendLine();

        r.AppendLine(" MSR       EDX       EAX");

        AppendMSRData(r, MSR_PLATFORM_INFO, i);

        AppendMSRData(r, IA32_PERF_STATUS, i);

        AppendMSRData(r, IA32_THERM_STATUS_MSR, i);

        AppendMSRData(r, IA32_TEMPERATURE_TARGET, i);

        r.AppendLine();

      }

      return r.ToString();

    }

    private double EstimateMaxClock(double timeWindow) {

      long ticks = (long)(timeWindow * Stopwatch.Frequency);

      uint lsbBegin, msbBegin, lsbEnd, msbEnd; 

      Thread.BeginThreadAffinity();

      long timeBegin = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() + 2;

      long timeEnd = timeBegin + ticks;      

      while (Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() < timeBegin) { }

      WinRing0.Rdtsc(out lsbBegin, out msbBegin);

      while (Stopwatch.GetTimestamp() < timeEnd) { }

      WinRing0.Rdtsc(out lsbEnd, out msbEnd);

      Thread.EndThreadAffinity();

      ulong countBegin = ((ulong)msbBegin << 32) | lsbBegin;

      ulong countEnd = ((ulong)msbEnd << 32) | lsbEnd;

      return (((double)(countEnd - countBegin)) * Stopwatch.Frequency) / 

        (timeEnd - timeBegin);

    }

    public void Update() {

      for (int i = 0; i < coreTemperatures.Length; i++) {

        uint eax, edx;

        if (WinRing0.RdmsrTx(

          IA32_THERM_STATUS_MSR, out eax, out edx,

            (UIntPtr)(1 << (int)(logicalProcessorsPerCore * i)))) {

          // if reading is valid

          if ((eax & 0x80000000) != 0) {

            // get the dist from tjMax from bits 22:16

            float deltaT = ((eax & 0x007F0000) >> 16);

            float tjMax = coreTemperatures[i].Parameters[0].Value;

            float tSlope = coreTemperatures[i].Parameters[1].Value;

            coreTemperatures[i].Value = tjMax - tSlope * deltaT;

            ActivateSensor(coreTemperatures[i]);

          } else {

            DeactivateSensor(coreTemperatures[i]);

          }

        }

      }

      if (cpuLoad.IsAvailable) {

        cpuLoad.Update();

        for (int i = 0; i < coreLoads.Length; i++)

          coreLoads[i].Value = cpuLoad.GetCoreLoad(i);

        if (totalLoad != null)

          totalLoad.Value = cpuLoad.GetTotalLoad();

      }

      if (hasTSC) {

        uint lsb, msb;

        WinRing0.RdtscTx(out lsb, out msb, (UIntPtr)1);

        long time = Stopwatch.GetTimestamp();

        ulong timeStampCount = ((ulong)msb << 32) | lsb;

        double delta = ((double)(time - lastTime)) / Stopwatch.Frequency;

        if (delta > 0.5) {

          double maxClock;

          if (invariantTSC)

            maxClock = (timeStampCount - lastTimeStampCount) / (1e6 * delta);

          else

            maxClock = estimatedMaxClock;

          double busClock = 0;

          uint eax, edx;

          for (int i = 0; i < coreClocks.Length; i++) {

            System.Threading.Thread.Sleep(1);

            if (WinRing0.RdmsrTx(IA32_PERF_STATUS, out eax, out edx,

              (UIntPtr)(1 << (int)(logicalProcessorsPerCore * i)))) {

              if (maxNehalemMultiplier > 0) { // Core i3, i5, i7

                uint nehalemMultiplier = eax & 0xff;

                coreClocks[i].Value =

                  (float)(nehalemMultiplier * maxClock / maxNehalemMultiplier);

                busClock = (float)(maxClock / maxNehalemMultiplier);

              } else { // Core 2

                uint multiplier = (eax >> 8) & 0x1f;

                uint maxMultiplier = (edx >> 8) & 0x1f;

                // factor = multiplier * 2 to handle non integer multipliers 

                uint factor = (multiplier << 1) | ((eax >> 14) & 1);

                uint maxFactor = (maxMultiplier << 1) | ((edx >> 14) & 1);

                if (maxFactor > 0) {

                  coreClocks[i].Value = (float)(factor * maxClock / maxFactor);

                  busClock = (float)(2 * maxClock / maxFactor);

                }

              }

            } else { // Intel Pentium 4

              // if IA32_PERF_STATUS is not available, assume maxClock

              coreClocks[i].Value = (float)maxClock;

            }

          }

          if (busClock > 0) {

            this.busClock.Value = (float)busClock;

            ActivateSensor(this.busClock);

          }

        }

        lastTimeStampCount = timeStampCount;

        lastTime = time;

      }

    }

  }  

}